Top Down: The Ford Foundation, Black Power, and the Reinvention of Racial Liberalism

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Top Down POLITICS AND CULTURE IN MODERN AMERICA Series Editors: Margot Canaday, Glenda Gilmore, Michael Kazin, and Thomas J. Sugrue Volumes in the series narrate and analyze political and social change in the broadest dimensions from 1865 to the present, including ideas about the ways people have sought and wielded power in the public sphere and the language and institutions of politics at all levels—local, national, and transnational. The series is motivated by a desire to reverse the fragmentation of modern U.S. history and to encourage synthetic perspectives on social movements and the state, on gender, race, and labor, and on intellectual history and popular culture. TOP DOWN The Ford Foundation, Black Power, and the Reinvention of Racial Liberalism Karen Ferguson university of pennsylvania press philadelphia Copyright © 2013 University of Pennsylvania Press All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations used for purposes of review or scholarly citation, none of this book may be reproduced in any form by any means without written permission from the publisher. Published by University of Pennsylvania Press Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4112 www.upenn.edu/pennpress Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 2 4 6 8 10 9 7 5 3 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ferguson, Karen (Karen Jane) Top down : the Ford Foundation, black power, and the reinvention of racial liberalism / Karen Ferguson. — 1st ed. p. cm. — (Politics and culture in modern America) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8122-4526-4 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Black power—United States—History—20th century. 2. African Americans—Civil rights—History—20th century. 3. United States—Race relations—Political aspects—History— 20th century. 4. Liberalism—United States—History—20th century. 5. Ford Foundation—History. I. Title. II. Series: Politics and culture in modern America. HV97.F62F47 2013 305.896'073—dc23 2012048040 For Mike This page intentionally left blank ...