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Index Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations Abbott, John, S. C., 152–54, 157. See also Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam Alrichs, Jacob, 60, 175 Altieri, Charles, on the universal and particular in a work of art, xx Amersfoort, Long Island, 64 Amsterdam: on Delaware River, 51; supports defensive measures in 1664, 129 Archdeacon, Thomas J., interprets English conquest, 192n5 Beeckman, Willem, 8, 31, 37, 38, 75, 112 belief, religious, 160, 161, 164; efforts to access and maintain a relationship with God, xvi; and New Netherlanders, 63–71; requirements for, 62–66. See also spirituality Bender, Thomas, 196nn28, 31; adopts new colonial history framework, 159 Bernard of Clairvaux, 84, 85, 93, 186n19 Beverwijck (Albany, New York), 22, 33, 41, 46–47, 54, 82, 176n19; church membership in, 98; Stuyvesant admonishes magistrates of, 93 Blom, Domine Hermanus, 79, 82; describes Esopus massacre, 96, 97 Bogardus, Domine Everardus, 14, 163–65, 198n44; and influence of pietism on, 198n47. See also Evert Willemsz Bolton, Herbert, critiques American colonialist historians, 158, 166 Breuckelen (Brooklyn), 15, 28; Calvinist community in, 64–71 Brodhead, John Romeyn, 153; cites ridicule of New Netherlanders, 191n4; excoriates English conquest of New Netherland, 195n13; favorable assessment of Stuyvesant, 154; rejects “provincial” accounts about New Netherlanders, 155 Calvin, John, xvi, 162 Calvinism, 68, 80, 171n52, 181n19, 185n10, 186n35; and Geneva Confession of Faith, 180n10 Calvinist practices, 28, 62, 63, 65, 99, 162, 164; different from later Calvinism, 162–63; in New Netherland, 75, 77, 78, 81, 83 The Chainbearer (Cooper), political purposes of, 138–41. See also Cooper, James Fenimore Charles II, king of England, 94, 105, 116 Christianity, as force of energy, 84, 85 Church, apostolic, 69, 78, 80 Church, Dutch Reformed, possible membership of in New Netherland, 97, 98 “church,” meanings of debated, 72, 76, 78, 80, 81 church-houses (huis-kerken), 87, 93; and Stuyvesant’s, 75, 80–83. See also conventicles Classis of Amsterdam, 4, 68, 69, 70, 73, 76–79 Coejemans, Andries, 139, 140, 143 Colenbrander, H. T., and critique of U.S. historians, 166 colonial America, recent analytical orientation, 157–66 comets, 185n14 confessional politics, 13, 16, 17. See also Reformation, Protestant Connecticut, 26, 43, 108, 123; negates rightful existence of New Netherland and Stuyvesant’s authority, 32, 56. See also Hartford conscience, freedom of in New Netherland, 13, 18. conventicles, 17, 66, 68, 71–79, 171n46. See also church-houses Cooper, James Fenimore, 138–41, 143, 157 Cortelyou, Jacques, 28 Cousseau, Jacques, 112, 122 Couturier, Hendrick, Peter Stuyvesant (portrait circa 1660), xix Crew, Phyllis Mack, 73 214 Index Cruikshank, George, Peter Stuyvesant and the Pig Tail (1866), 149 Curaçao, 6–9, 37, 42, 51; Stuyvesant voyages to, 88 Days of Thanksgiving and Prayer, in Europe, 93, 98. See also ordinances, religious Delaware River area (South River), 10, 15, 33, 35, 50, 81, 82, 108, 126, 176n29, 179n21. See also Swedish forts deterrence, policy of, 34–40, 42, 46, 54, 55, 97, 107, 127, 128, 130, 131, 144. See also military arrangements in New Netherland discourse: no theology of war against natives, 96; religious, as powerful, 97, 98; used by Stuyvesant regarding natives, 95, 96 Dort, Synod of, 164, and baptismal formulary, 77 Drisius, Domine Samuel, 77, 78, 187n1 Dutch, as allegedly “sadistically cruel,” 195n17 The Dutch and Quaker Colonies in America (Fiske), 152; arguments in and stylistics of, 155–59. See also Fiske, John Eaton, Theophilus, New Haven, Connecticut, 4 edification, 70, 71, 75; Christian New Netherlanders’ desire for, 63, 66 English attack on New Netherland: as act of war, 129–32; descriptions of, x, xiii, 148, 154; and conquest interpreted, 192n6 The Enlightenment, 28, 136 emotions, role of, 44, 50, 64, 113, 114; in Stuyvesant’s relations with natives, 8, 41–43; in Stuyvesant’s relations with West India Company, 8 Esopus (Wiltwijck, Kingston), 26, 33, 50, 54, 61–63, 176n30; Dutch-native violence at, 39, 40, 89, 90, 93, 96, 97; natives of, 43, 44, 82, 94; Stuyvesant at, 35, 40, 49, 55, 61–63, 162 Evert Willemsz. See Bogardus, Domine Everardus evolutionary theory, 159; and historical explanation, 153; used for negative image of New Netherland, 152, 155, 156 experience, role of, 160, 163–65; and contextualization, 106–8; and recovery of historical past, 64, 106–9; Stuyvesant’s, in Holland, 109–32 Fernando de Naronha, Stuyvesant’s service at, 6 Ferguson, Robert A., explores early Republic’s literature, 138, 139 Fiske, John, 152, 153, 155–57, 182n24; and germ theory, 193n19, 193n20; and Stuyvesant as...

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