Collective Action and Property Rights for Poverty Reduction: Insights from Africa and Asia

List of Tables

ix 1.1 Overview of case studies 10 2.1 Assets and their links with institutions 31 2.2 Risks and their occurrence 34 2.3 Key aspects of governance structures 37 3.1 Descriptive characteristics of the Ethiopian sample, 2004 57 3.2 Ethiopian household self-reports of the worst shocks experienced between 1999 and 2004 58 3.3 Impact of shocks and other covariates on (log) consumption per capita in Ethiopia, 2004 61 3.4 Impact of shocks on (log) consumption per capita in Ethiopia, by household characteristics, 2004 62 3.5 Characteristics of individuals in an Ethiopian household’s network, 2004 64 3.6 Correlates of the presence of networks in Ethiopia and their size, by household characteristics, 2004 66 3.7 Events for which Ethiopian iddir (burial societies) make payouts or offer loans, 2004 69 3.8 Impact of illness shocks on (log) consumption per capita in southern Ethiopia, 2004 70 3.9 Characteristics of Ethiopian iddir (burial societies) by provision of health insurance, 2004 71 3.10 Correlates of the provision of health insurance by Ethiopian iddir (burial societies) in selected survey areas, 2004 72 4.1 Characteristics of parent households in Bukidnon, Philippines, 1984 and 2003 84 4.2 Household self-reports of the worst shocks experienced in Bukidnon, Philippines, 1984–2003 85 4.3 Impact of shocks on log consumption per capita in 350 parent households in Bukidnon, Philippines, 2003 88 4.4 Formal and informal networks of parent households in Bukidnon, Philippines, by 1984 asset quartile, 2003 92 4.5 Determinants of the total number of groups in Bukidnon, Philippines, 2003 94 Tables x Tables 4.6 Determinants of the sum of all networks in Bukidnon, Philippines, 2003 96 4.7 Impact of group membership on per capita expenditures in Bukidnon, Philippines, 2003 99 4.8 Determinants of the probability of having a migrant child, number of migrant children, the probability of receiving remittances, and total remittances received in Bukidnon, Philippines, 2003 102 4.9 Impact of migration and remittances on asset holdings and consumption expenditures of parent households in Bukidnon, Philippines, 2003 104 5.1 Descriptive statistics for households surveyed in Mbeere and Makueni districts of Kenya (grouped by participation or nonparticipation in producer marketing groups), 2005 117 5.2 Total number of sales and volumes (tons) for all crops in Kenyan grain markets, 2004/05 120 5.3 Pigeon pea marketed volumes, sales, and channel use in semi-arid eastern Kenya, by participant and distance to market, 2003 and 2005 122 5.4 Probit estimates of Kenyan households’ propensity to sell grain to producer marketing groups, 2005 123 5.5 Estimation of the average participation effect (ATT) of selling through producer marketing groups on prices received by Kenyan farmers, 2005 125 5.6 Estimation of the average participation effect (ATT) of producer marketing group membership on prices received by Kenyan farmers, 2005 126 5.7 Rosenbaum bounds sensitivity tests to check the influence of unobservable factors on the effect of selling through producer marketing groups on producer prices, 2005 126 5.8 The effect of collective marketing on pigeon pea prices in eastern Kenya, 2005 127 5.9 Income effects associated with selling through marketing groups compared to the broker channel in Kenya, 2005 128 5.10 Univariate and seemingly unrelated bivariate probit determinants of producer marketing group membership in Kenya, 2005 132 5.11 Reasons stated by Kenyan producer marketing group (PMG) members for not following bylaws, 2005 135 5.12 Producer marketing group (PMG) meetings and attendance levels in two districts of Kenya, 2004 135 5.13 Mean and median rankings of factors important for producer marketing group (PMG) governance and management in two districts of Kenya, 2004 135 5.14 Selected indicators of the level of collective action by Kenyan marketing groups, 2004 and 2005 137 Tables xi 5.15 Rankings of Kenyan marketing groups based on collective action indicators, 2004 and 2005 138 5.16 Selected indicators of performance of Kenyan marketing groups, 2003–04 139 5.17 Rankings of Kenyan marketing groups based on performance indicators, 2003 and 2004 140 5.18 Rankings of producer marketing group (PMG) collective marketing constraints in Kenya, 2005 141 6.1 Summary statistics for selected variables in sample watersheds in India, 2005 159 6.2 Matrix of correlations among 10 indicators of the level of collective action in the 2005 Indian study 166 6.3 Scoring coefficients...