Laboring Women: Reproduction and Gender in New World Slavery

Index

Index Abortifacients: African, 114; American, 114 Adornment in Africa, 64 Africa, ethnicity, 120, 142, 184, 190; Akan, 175; Allada, 64; Angolan, 159, 190; Coromantee, 120, 121, 175; Dongo, 29; Fon, 64; Fula, 154; Fulbie, 28; Gaga, 29; Igbo, 64; Mandinka, 28, 63, 67, 154; Wolof, 61, 154 Africa, image of, 25 African retentions, 108 Africanus, Leo, 29 Allada, 59 Angola, 29 Arda, 52 Artisans, enslaved: male, 96, 146, 149, 168; women barred from, 169 Atkins, John, 41 Azurara, Gomes, 24 Barbados, 45, 48, 53, 74, 76, 78, 81, 84, 96, 108, 115, 148, 151, 168, 183; and Carolina, 124, 125, 127, 152 Barbados Conspiracy of 1675, 183–84 Barbados Conspiracy of 1692, 185, 187 Barbot, John, 41 Battell, Andrew, 29 Beckles, Hilary, 187 Benzoni, Girolamo, 19, 20 Bermuda, 76 Bight of Benin, 57, 59, 66 Bight of Biafra, 51, 57, 60 Birth rates: among enslaved women, 36, 70, 82, 131, 141, 185; among white settlers, 70, 131 Black militias, 171 Breast-feeding: African women in Africa, 66, 67; African women in America, 138, 181; as birth control, 66; English women, 36, 66; Native American women, 21; over the shoulder, 31, 34, 35, 41, 42 Breasts, 46, 47; sagging, 21, 27, 31, 42, 49 Brown, Kathleen, 93 Brun, Samuel, 62 de Bry, Theodor, 21, 22 Bucher, Benadette, 21, 22 Burton, Robert, 35 Callabar River, 51, 53, 62 Cannibalism, 19, 22, 30, 40 Cape Verde, 13, 14, 46, 47 Carney, Judith, 164 Cattlepens, 126, 152, 154, 157 Childbirth, 36, 66, 84, 12, 134, 141, 142, 149, 185; among white women, 75, 76; as breeding , 18, 77, 80, 82, 86, 99, 128; as connection between women, 134, 157; as evidence of acculturation, 108; as evidence of savagery, 30, 40, 66, 68, 105; as resistance, 113, 132, 167, 168; as separation from other women, 134; without pain, 18, 40, 45, 48, 65; withholding , 113, 129. See also Creolization Children, 103, 108, 109, 116, 130, 134, 135, 141, 157 Christianity, 173 Columbus, Christopher, 18 Craton, Michael, 148 Creolization, 107, 108, 125, 142, 143, 169; and childbearing, 108, 119, 120, 121, 140; and resistance, 185, 187; and social control, 171, 173, 184, 185, 188 Dahomey, 59 Domestic work, 145, 148, 151, 156, 159 Domesticity, 148, 151 Dunn, Richard S., 88 Eden, Richard, 17 Eltis, David, 81, 199 Falconbridge, Anna, 46 Family life, 86, 115, 130, 132, 141 Female circumcision, 65 Fertility control, 113 274 Index Fertility rates, 111, 119, 135, 148, 149; and disease , 111, 114; of white women, 111 Fieldwork, 120, 145, 146, 147, 157 Fischer, Kirsten, 105 Florida, 146 French Guiana, 150 Gambia River, 28, 47, 67 Georgia, 145, 160 Gold Coast, 57, 58, 63, 64, 67 Hakluyt, Richard, 25, 26 Hall, Kim 14, 15 Hartman, Saidiya, 40, 109 Herbert, Thomas, 31 Herodotus, 16 Hottentot, 31, 41, 47 Increase, 19, 81, 83, 85, 89, 90, 91, 92, 97, 99, 129, 137, 138, 139, 140 Indentured servitude, 73, 74, 76, 78, 124, 149, 152 Infanticide, 178 Informants, 176, 177 Inheritance: enslaved couples as, 84, 85, 86, 88, 91, 97, 98, 101, 102, 105, 137, 139; enslaved women as, 79, 83, 90, 97, 98, 99, 101; and slaveownership, 70, 71, 83, 102 Interracial contact, 87, 122, 156, 192–95; legislation limiting, 71, 72 Islam, 64 Jamaica, 148, 149 Jobson, Richard, 28, 46, 48 Landgrants, South Carolina, 92, 152, 154 Laurens, Henry 105 Lawson, John 75, 113 LeJau, Francis, 130 Legal codes: and slavery, 72, 73, 93, 109, 167, 169, 174, 188–89; and women’s work, 73, 7 Ligon, Richard, 13, 14, 15, 46, 47, 48 Lok, John, 27 Long, Edward, 46, 47 Mandeville, John, 16 Manumission, 80, 98, 125, 128 de Marees, Pieter, 30, 31 Market places: in Africa, 62; in Charlestown, 159, 177 Marriage: in Africa, 64; among enslaved women and men, 84, 86, 102, 175, 193; as tool for investment, 124; as tool for pacification , 95, 110 Martinique, 75 Martyr, Peter, 27 Maryland, 71, 72 Merian, Maria, 113 Monetary value of enslaved women versus men, 89, 134 Monstrosity, 15, 16, 21, 23, 28, 41, 68 Montserrat, 135, 137 Morgan, Edmund, 196 Morgan, Phillip, 86, 104 Mortality rates, 110 Motherhood, 23, 24, 25, 27, 67, 113, 115, 119, 135, 139, 141, 167, 181, 186, 194 Muller, Wilhelm, 62 Nairne, Thomas, 145, 172 Naming patterns, 120 Native Americans: as instigators of violence, 183; military conflict with, 77, 4, 171; mortality of, 110; as slaves, 77, 128, 153; trade with, 77, 156 Nevis, 85, 112 Nicholls, Michael, 86 North Carolina, 100 Nudity, 14, 29...