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Appendix 4 Americans Expatriated, by Grounds and Year, 1945–1977 Grounds for expatriation 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1958*1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1976 1977 Total numbera 1936 1113 6758 6779 8575 5792 4443 3265 8350 6938 4202 4987 5564 5908 5863 2899 3374 3657 3212 3164 2321 2083 1919 2010 1400 450 2064 1618 1634 1250 1522 1843 1651 723 1503 Voting in a foreign political election or plebisciteb 473 4515 1693 1401 1186 2651 2222 1237 1436 1515 1748 1748 992 1239 1290 977 943 568 869 769 370 20 Continuous residence in a foreign state of birth or former nationalityc Residence of a naturalized national in a foreign state (§404, Nationality Act of 1940) 694 1424 1084 711 2657 1557 1063 1776 2223 2592 2165 796 873 1027 1017 1089 618 Continuous residence in a state by dual national who sought benefits of §335.1 and Nationality Act 55 33 21 52 29 23 30 31 22 42 Continuous residence in a state by dual national who sought benefits of § 350 Immigration and Nationality Act 26 10 3 5 28 26 6 6 Residence in a foreign state under treaties and conventionsd 372 188 68 72 67 44 53 51 11 7 26 10 a Cases of 90 persons expatriated for departing from or remaining away from the United States to avoid military service, reported for 1958−1963, were not included because this statutory provision was ruled unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court on February 18, 1963: Kennedy v. Francisco Mendoza-Martinez (372 U.S. 144) and Rusk v. Joseph Henry Cort (372 U.S. 224). b The Supreme Court decision in Afroyim v. Rusk (387 U.S. 253, May 29, 1967), ruled as unconstitutional the law providing for a loss of citizenship by voting in a foreign political election c The Supreme Court decision in Schneider v. Rusk (377 U.S. 163, May 18, 1964), ruled as unconstitutional statutory provisions that cause naturalized citizens to lose their nationality by extended residence abroad. d Naturalized U.S. citizens expatriated in countries with which the United States has treaties or conventions providing on a reciprocal basis for loss of nationality through extended residence in the country of original citizenship. Grounds for expatriation 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1958*1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1976 1977 Naturalization in a foreign state 754 1096 836 622 1677 1544 841 829 616 565 565 383 625 619 642 585 653 662 555 858 26 4 1537 955 1051 819 976 1238 1224 548 1183 Entering or serving in the armed forces of a foreign state 339 1459 721 565 370 700 696 269 356 423 378 378 171 202 209 187 134 92 113 111 126 69 33 21 9 4 10 22 8 1 3 Renunciaton of nationality 356 149 228 136 398 425 331 167 250 213 213 188 194 189 183 248 234 286 379 485 679 444 510 423 320 311 209 197 84 166 Departing from or remaining away from the United States to avoid training and service in the land or naval forces 259 109 69 59 45 134 139 69 61 45 Taking an oath of allegiance in a foreign state 738 430 369 147 123 152 220 233 237 248 230 230 64 85 99 46 59 42 32 40 63 35 2 111 106 146 101 215 332 188 82 142 Accepting or performing duties under a foreign state 99 163 73 56 67 134 84 112 146 125 125 78 57 62 50 20 11 17 14 18 9 5 16 5 3 5 14 8 2 3 By departing from or remaining outside the United States in time of war for purpose of avoiding U.S. military service, or deserting from armed forces of the United States 1 Desertion from the armed forces 41 4 4 2 2 3 7 Other grounds 5 64 38 2 3 6 3 5 79 5 12 6 10 38 14 19 20 22 18 41 22 4 ...

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