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440 BOOK FIFTY /UNDERTAKINGS ever is public property from private and thus increase public revenue; if he finds any public places or buildings passed to private use, he will calculate whether they are to be claimed as public property or whether it is better to impose a rent on them, and he will carry out whatever he reckons to be better for the community. 6 MODESTINUS, Encyclopaedia, book 11: The deified Marcus issued a rescript to the effect that if a governor was approached about public works which related to walls or gates or public harbors or if walls were being built, he must consult he emperor. 7 CALLISTRATUS, Judicial Examinations, book 2: The deified Pius issued a rescript to the effect that money bequeathed for new building was rather to be converted to the upkeep of those which already existed than spent on beginning a building, that is, if a community had enough buildings and money was not easily found for their repair. 1. If someone undertook to decorate a building erected by someone else with marble or to do it in some other way according to the will of the people, with his name to be included in the inscription and the inscriptions to remain of the earlier benefactors who had erected the building, the senate decreed that the project should go ahead. And if private individuals add some money from their own resources for buildings which are being erected from public funds, it is laid down in the same mandates that they should organize the inscription in such a way as to record the sum which they had contributed for the building. MARKETS 1 MODESTINUS, Rules, book 3: By not using for a period of ten years the right to hold a market granted by the emperor the man who acquired the right loses it. 2 CALLISTRATUS, Judicial Examinations, book 3: If the actual farmers or fishermen have been ordered to bring things into a city to sell them themselves, the supply of corn will be interrupted when the country people leave their work; they ought, as soon as they have brought their wares in, to hand them over and return to their work. Indeed , when Plato, a man of the highest reputation among the Greeks for good sense, was laying down how a state could be well and happily run, he regarded the tradesmen as particularly necessary. For in the second book of the Republic he says: "One will need then a number of farmers and other workers and other people whose function is to import and export things. These will be called traders. And when a farmer or any other worker has brought any of his produce to market, if he does not come at the same time as those who need to acquire things from him, will he sit in the market abandoning his work? 'Certainly not,' he said, 'but there are people who realize this and provide themselves for this service."' 12 UNDERTAKINGS 1 ULPIAN,Duties o f Curator Rei Publicae, sole book: If someone has undertaken to build something for a community or to give money, he will not be liable for interest; but if he starts to delay, interest will accrue, as is laid down in a rescript of our emperor with his deified father. 1. But it must be realized that someone who has made an undertaking is not always bound. If a man has promised something in return for an office already granted to him or to be granted or for any other proper reason, he will be bound by his undertaking; but if he has promised for no reason, he will not be 440 BOOK FIFTY /UNDERTAKINGS ever is public property from private and thus increase public revenue; if he finds any public places or buildings passed to private use, he will calculate whether they are to be claimed as public property or whether it is better to impose a rent on them, and he will carry out whatever he reckons to be better for the community. 6 MODESTINUS, Encyclopaedia, book 11: The deified Marcus issued a rescript to the effect that if a governor was approached about public works which related to walls or gates or public harbors or if walls were being built, he must consult he emperor. 7 CALLISTRATUS, Judicial Examinations, book 2: The deified Pius issued a rescript to the effect that money bequeathed for new building was rather to be converted to the...

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