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434 BOOK FIFTYIEMBASSIES those collegia or corporations in which each member is enrolled on the basis of his craft such as the corporation of builders and any other which has the same reason for existence, that is to say, those instituted to provide services required for public needs. Nor is immunity given indiscriminately to every one enrolled in these collegia, but only to craftsmen. Nor can men of any age be adlected, as the deified Pius decided, in excluding men of advanced or very tender years. But it has been established in many ways that those who have increased their resources and are capable of supporting the munera of the communities can no more avail themselves of dispensations which were granted to poorer men who are divided among collegia. 13. I understand that those who have been adlected into corporations, which provide immunity, as that of shipowners , are to be compelled to support public munera, if they have accepted the office of the decurionate; and this view seems to have been confirmed by a rescript of the deified Pertinax. 7 (6) TARRUNTENUS PATERNUS, Military Matters, book 1:Their status grants some exemption from the more burdensome munera to some people, for instance, those who measure out [the corn], the assistants in a hospital, doctors, makers of satchels, and craftsmen who dig ditches, veterinary surgeons, architects, helmsmen, shipwrights, artillery manufacturers, mirrormakers, builders, archers, bronze-workers, makers of statues of bronze cows, wagonmakers, shinglers, gladiators, conduit-inspectors, conduitmakers , trumpetmakers, bowmakers, leadworkers, ironworkers, stonemasons, those who burn lime, those who cut wood, those who cut and prepare charcoal. In the same category are customarily placed butchers, hunters, victimam'i, the assistants of a factory, those who serve the sick, also copyists who can teach and the secretaries of granaries, of depositories, and of controllers of estates without owners, also helpers of adjutants, grooms, undertakers, guards for armories, also a herald and a trumpeter. So all those are regarded as being immune. EMBASSIES 1 ULPIAN.Massurius Sabinus, book 8: If a munici~alambassador abandons an embassy he ;ill suffer a special penalty, as well as having been removed from the ordo, as usually happens. 2 ULPIAN,Opinions, book 2: An ambassador can ask the emperor for something through an intermediary against the interests of the community of which he is the ambassador. 1. A man must establish before the ordo of his patria whether he abandoned an embassy or suffered an unavoidable delay. 2. The failure of one ambassador does not incriminate a man who has performed the munus as he should. 3 (3) ULPIAN,Opinions, book 2: Appropriate expenses are to be repaid to those who have undertaken an embassy other than at their own expense. 4 (3) AFRICANUS, Questions, book 3: If the question arises whether an action should be granted against someone who is on an embassy, what is important is not so much where someone either made a loan or stipulated payment, but rather whether the procedure included a provision that payment should be made during an embassy. 5 (4) MARCIAN. Institutions. book 12: One must realize that a debtor cannot undertake an embassy for his community; and this is a purport of a rescript of the deified Pius to Claudius Saturninus and Faustinus. 1. But the deified Severus and Antoninus also issued a rescript to the effect that those who do not possess the right of postulating cannot undertake an embassy and that therefore an ex-gladiator sent as an ambassador was not correctly sent. 2. However, debtors to the imperial treasury are not barred from serving on embassies. 3. If someone be charged in a public prosecution , there is no obligation on the accuser to take on an embassy to one who declares himself a friend or relative of the person charged; and so said the deified brothers in a rescript to Aemilius Rufus. 4. Legates can give as substitutes no other than their own sons. 5. Everyone serves on an embassy in order [of rank]; and a man is not compellable to serve on an embassy unless those chosen above him in the curia have served. But if the embassy requires [other] more elevated persons and those sum434 BOOK FIFTY IEMBASSIES those collegia or corporations in which each member is enrolled on the basis of his craft such as the corporation of builders and any other which has the same reason for existence, that is to say, those instituted to provide services required for public needs. Nor...

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