Before the Normans: Southern Italy in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries

Title Page, Copyright, Dedication

Before the Nornu:tns Southern Italy in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries BarbaraM. [(reutz University of Pennsylvania Press Philadelphia Copyright © 1991 by the University of Pennsylvania Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America First paperback printing 1996 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kreutz, Barbara M. Before the Normans: Southern Italy in the ninth and tenth centuries / Barbara M. Kreutz. p. cm.-(Middle Ages series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8122-1587-7 I. Italy, Southern-History-535-1268. 2. Italy, Southern-Social conditions. I. Title. II. Series. DG827.K74 1992 945'.702-dc20 91-29118 CIP For1.WIC) ofcourse) andftr H.H. and S.H.) who made ofRome a magnet) and enriched Apulia. This page intentionally left blank I may be wrong, but ... I can find no admirable traits in the people of southern Italy during the long history of Norman-Swabian domination , nothing then to arouse my local pride, no reassuring patriotism, no virtu. For comfort, I must turn instead to the pre-Norman scene with all its diversity and contrasts, when the various peoples came to each other's aid and joined together for self-protection. Benedetto Croce, Storia del Regno di Napoli (author's translation) This page intentionally left blank ...