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Index Abram, Morris, 152 Acheson, Dean, 110 Alfaro, Richard J., 12, 14 ALI. See American Law Institute Statement of Essential Human Rights Alston, Philip, 5, 170-71, 182, 192, 198 American Bar Association (ABA), and opposition to human rights treaties, 39 n.27 American Institute of International Law. See Declaration of the Rights and Duties of States American Law Institute Statement of Essential Human Rights, 12, 32, 48, 54, 196; compared to CSOP Bill of Rights, 35-40; compared to Secretariat Outline of Universal Declaration, 21-21; drafting history of, 13-14; echoed by Maastricht Guidelines, 196; enumerated rights in, 15-16; and Roosevelt’s Second Bill of Rights, 3031 ; and state obligations, 17-21. See also Shotwell, James Anticolonialism. See Colonialism Apartheid: in General Assembly Resolution 32/130, 162, 165, 168; in South Africa, 137, 156; and racism/ racial discrimination, 7, 137, 143, 146, 154; at World Conference on Human Rights, 144-46, 149, 150, 151, 153 Arab-Israeli War (1967), 144 Atlantic Charter (1941), 34-35, 37, 40. See also Roosevelt, Franklin D. Balkan Crisis (1876), 48 Bangkok Declaration, 186-87. See also World Conference on Human Rights Beetham, David, 197-98 Berle, Adolf, 29-30, 40, 41 Bismarck, Otto von, 48 Brownlow, Louis, 26 Cassin, René, 4, 71, 74, 91, 95, 98-99, 103-4, 107 Chapman, Audrey, 194-95 Charter of the Economic Rights and Duties of States, 157, 161. See also New International Economic Order Cohen, Benjamin V., 41 Cold War: Commission on Human Rights as a theater of, 134; end of and reemergence of human rights, 8, 184, 185, 206; and responsibility for separate covenants, 12, 62-65, 134, 191, 208 Colonialism: 7, 86, 137, 144, 153, 154, 214; and General Assembly resolution 32/130, 156, 158, 162, 165, 168; at International Conference on Human Rights, 144-45, 150, 151; and Third Committee of General Assembly, 87. See also U.N. Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples Commission on Human Rights. See U.N. Commission on Human Rights Commission to Study the Organization of Peace (CSOP) Bill of Rights, 33, 36, 38-40, 47; compared to American Law Institute Statement, 35-40. See also Shotwell, James Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESR), 6; establishment of, 174, 180-82; jurisprudence of, 182-84, 190, 193, 196. See also International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; Limburg Principles; Maastricht Guidelines 264 Index Communism, 26, 65, 89; American Bar Association fearful of, 39 n.27. See also Marxism; Socialism Communist bloc. See Soviet bloc Convention Against Torture, 202 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), 202 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD), 137, 142-44, 148, 151-52, 181, 202. See also Apartheid; International Court of Justice Covenant on Human Rights, draft of (1947-52), 2, 6, 7, 59, 61-62, 65-66; 1947 UK draft of, 66-67; arguments for including economic, social and cultural rights in, 75-77; Commission on Human Rights decision not to include economic and social rights in, 68-70; early views of scope of, 60; procedure and timeline, 215-17. See also Economic and Social Council resolution 303 (XI); U.N. General Assembly Resolutions, Resolution 421 (V); Historiography of Covenants; U.N. Commission on Human Rights, seventh session Craven, Matthew, 64, 191 Croly, Herbert (Promise of American Life), 29 Cultural relativism, 186. See also Bangkok Declaration; World Conference on Human Rights Declaration of the International Rights of Man (1929), 14, 47-52 Declaration of the Rights and Duties of States (1916), 48, 50-53 Development Decades. See U.N. Development Decades Donnelly, Jack, 156, 157, 171, 192 Dulles, John Foster, 38 Dumbarton Oaks Conference, 38, 42 Economic Bill of Rights. See Roosevelt, Franklin D. Eisenhower administration: and abstention on the U.N. Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, 142 n.24; and position on human rights treaties, 133, 138. See also American Bar Association Ellingston, John, 19-21 Engels, Friedrich, 211 Four Freedoms Speech. See Roosevelt, Franklin D. Free World (magazine) Bill of Rights, 47. See also Wells, H. G. French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, 74 Ganji, Manouchehr, 157-60 Generations of human rights, 64, 208-12. See also Vasak, Karel Group of 77, 156 Hierarchies of human rights: favoring civil and political rights, 62-63, 71, 11920 , 121, 126, 198 Historiography of Covenants, 62-66 Hull, Cordell, 40-41 Human Rights Committee, 4...

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