Index
abandonment, spousal. See marriage abduction. See raptus abuse, spousal. See cruelty, spousal adultery: in canon law, 83; in CatalanoAragonese law, 84; dowry forfeiture and, 48, 84, 94, 177n14; fama and, 92–94; fugitives and, 94; honor and, 86–87, 177n22; gender and, 82–84; guardianship and, 81, 96–97; inheritance and, 85–86; Jews and, 89–91; men as adulterers, 84– 85, 176n5; Muslims and, 90–91; murder and, 93, 120–24; public order and, 87–88; punishments for, 84, 89–90, 179n63; in Roman law, 82–83, 177n14; widows and, 81, 95–98; witnesses and, 92, 123–24 alcahuetas and pimps, 104 Alexander III (pope) (r. 1159–81), 83 Alfonso VIII, of Castile (r. 1158–1214), 18 Alfonso X, of Castile, (r. 1252–84), 4, 18 aljamas. See religious minorities, Jewish and Muslim any de plor (mourning year). See widows arras, 170n58 Audiencia (Crown of Aragon). See courts, royal bailes. See courts, royal, in Aragon batlles. See courts, royal, in Catalonia bayles. See courts, royal, in Valencia Bisson, Thomas, 17 Blanca de Calders, 103–4 Bonaventure (1221–74), 76 Brundage, James, 45 canon law. See law, canon Castile: rape statistics for, 124, 135, 138; relations with Crown of Aragon, 18; Roman law in, 4, 151n6; widows in, 179–80n71 consent to marriage: in canon law, 127; in Catalano-Aragonese law, 125–26, 128; parents and, 125–27; women and, 126–28, 140 Constitucions of Catalonia, 23–24, 29, 74, 84, 175n146 Consuetudines of Girona, 69, 76, 156n26 Córdoba de la Llave, Ricardo, 135, 138 Corpus iuris canonici. See law, canon Corpus iuris civilis. See law, Roman corruption, judicial, 88–89, 91 Costums of Lleida, 6, 23, 70, 156n26 Costums of Tortosa, 6, 23, 69, 71, 95, 126, 135 courts, royal: in Aragon, 31–32; Audiencia, 30, 160n87; in Catalonia, 31, 161n89; in Valencia, 32–33 Crown of Aragon, foreign relations: with Castile, 18; in the Mediterranean, 18–19; with southern France, 17–18, 154n8, 155n11 cruelty, spousal: in canon law, 114; in Catalano-Aragonese law, 113; dowry restitution and, 55, 114–16, 123; justifications for, 117–18; male infidelity as, 118–19; neglect as, 118; “reasonable” levels of, 113, 116–17, 185n22; in Roman law, 114–15; segurament orders and, 119– 20; separation and, 113 customary law. See law, customary Decretum of Gratian, 20 et passim dependence, female. See gender, legal assumptions and Index 210 Index Dillard, Heath, 2, 9 Dixon, Suzanne, 24 domestic violence. See cruelty, spousal dower: amounts of, 56–57; defined, 56; as financial shelter for households, 57; guarantee on, 57 dowry, 48–80, 170n58: adultery and, 84, 94, 177n14; amounts and composition of, 49–52, 167n14, 168nn26, 35, 170n60; bankruptcy and, 55–57; charitable institutions for, 166n8, 172n97; defined, 49; as financial shelter for households, 56; guarantees on, 52–56; husband’s management of, 51–53; inflation, 50; rape and, 139–41; restitution of, 54–61; as support for a wife, 52, 54; widows and, 67–71; women’s ownership of, 51–53 Eiximenis, Francesc (ca. 1330–1409), 120, 122, 186n47 evocation, 30, 160n86 fama, 11, 39–47, 92, 94, 97, 110–11, 164nn135, 139; in adultery cases, 92–94, 123–24; and infamia, 41, 108, 163n130; and inquisitio, 40–42; in procedural law, 39–45, 81–82; and single women, 107–8, 165n154; and widows, 97–98. See also rumor family networks, women’s, involvement in litigation, 85, 89, 94–95, 113–14 Fueros of Aragon, 6, 21–22, 24, 28, 58, 69, 76, 157n29 Fueros of Teruel, 6, 157n27 Furs of Valencia, 6, 22–23, 28, 36, 69, 91 gender, legal assumptions and: in Aragonese law, 28; in canon law, 25–27; in Catalan law, 28–29; dependence, female, 28–30, 53, 62–65, 79, 143, 146–47; incapacity, female, 4–5, 11, 24–28, 46, 58–59, 75–79, 146–47; in ius commune, 24–27; light-mindedness, female, 24–25, 27, 146–47; modesty, female, 25, 27–29, 46, 58–59, 76, 78, 146–47; in penal law, 28; in Roman law, 24–25; in Valencian law, 28; vulnerability, female, 4–5, 25, 28, 45–49, 58–65, 75–79, 90, 96, 112, 117, 129–38, 143, 146–47 germania marriages, 50–51 girls: economic activities of, 137; particular vulnerability of, 136–38 Gratian. See Decretum of Gratian Grubbs, Judith Evans, 25 guardianship: assumption of, 75–77, formal requirements of, 75–77, 173–74n123; and coguardians, 72–77, 176n155; paternal families and, 74; remarriage of widows and, 75–77, 175n144...
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