Abdoh, Djalal, 21, 22, 24, 26, 27, 45 Abram, Morris, 84–85 Abu Rannat, Mohammed, 87–88, 148 Adae (Ghanaian delegate), 48 Ad Hoc Committee on International Terrorism (1973), 57–58 Afghanistan, 130 Afnan, Bedia, 11–12, 147; and cultural relativism/universality debates, 11–12, 112, 115, 118–19, 123–24; and right to self-determination, 41, 49–50 Afshari, Reza, 5 Akpo (Togolese delegate), 77 Alemayehou, Ato Haddis, 51 Alfaras (Cuban delegate), 102–3 Alfozan (Saudi Arabian delegate), 102 Ali, Mohammed, 19, 28 Ali Jinnah, Mohammed, 124, 143 Alikhani, Alinaghi, 97 All Pakistan Women’s Association (AWPA), 124 American Anthropological Association (AAA), 112–13, 145 Amin, Idi, 129–30, 137, 141 Antoine (Haitian delegate), 87 apartheid issue: and African delegations at Tehran Conference, 101–2, 107–8; and campaign for right to petition, 60, 69–71, 76–78, 80–85, 90–91, 174n.124; and colonial cultural relativism, 122, 192n.59; and ICCPR debates, 76–78; and 1967 reform of Commission on Human Rights, 80–84, 85; UN Special Committee on Apartheid, 60, 69–71 Arafat, Yasser, 130 Article 2(7) of UN Charter, 59 Asian-African Conference in Bandung (1955), 13–34; anticolonial politicians attending, 15–16; and Communism, 20–25, 27–33, 45; definitions of colonialism, 27–32, 45–46; definitions of “freedom,” 20, 27–33; enthusiasm for, 15–17, 34; Final Communiqué, 19, 20–25, 45–46, 50, 51; historicalpolitical context, 15–17; human rights atmosphere, 17–20; human rights debate in Political Committee, 20–25; and Israel, 95; mixed legacy of, 14–15, 33–34; national sovereignty and noninterference issues, 25–26, 29–33, 46; and non-aligned movement, 16; and “North-South” axis, 34; opening/ closing session addresses, 18–19; pro-Western delegates, 16–17; and recognition of Universal Declaration, 14, 19, 21–25, 33–34, 146; and religious freedom, 31–32, 156n.79; and right to self-determination, 26, 29–31, 35, 45–46, 50–51; and Romulo, 13, 16–17, 19–23, 29–31, 34, 154n.34; scholars’ lack of attention to, 13–14; and Soviet bloc, 161n.94; Tehran Conference and decolonization since, 94–95, 109; ten principles for “Promotion of World Peace and Cooperation,” 25; universality affirmation at, 14, 19, 146; Zhou Enlai and Chinese delegation, 14, 16, 18, 20–25, 31–32 Asiroglu, Vahap, 68 Atlantic Charter (1941), 42 Auguste, Carlet, 187n.95 Australian delegations and ICERD implementation procedures, 71, 168–69n.55, 172n.91 authoritarian development agendas, 30–31, 97–98, 100–101, 137–40 Avery, Peter, 181n.48 Ayub Khan, Mohammad, 100, 181–82n.51 Al Azam, Khaled Bey, 26 Azkoul, Karim, 39 Azmi, Mahmud, 65, 115, 120, 147 Azzohieri, Alkadi Mohammed, 125 Baghdad Pact, 15 Baldwin, Roger, 54–56, 110 Bandung Conference. See Asian-African Conference Bangkok Declaration (1993), 141–42, 197n.183 Baroody, Jamil, 11–12, 59; on activities of Special Committee representatives, 171n.85; and Bernardino, 115; and campaign for right to selfdetermination , 38–44, 48; and colonial clause debate, 40, 129; condemnation of Universal Declaration, 138–39; Index 12417 Decolonization & Evolution of Inter Human Rights.indd 225 12417 Decolonization & Evolution of Inter Human Rights.indd 225 10/19/09 1:50:18 PM 10/19/09 1:50:18 PM 226 Index and debates over cultural relativism/ universality, 116, 129, 131–33, 136, 138–39; and Freedom of Information debate, 157n.18; and High Commissioner for Human Rights, 131–33, 136, 138–39; influence in early human rights program, 11, 132–33 Beckett, Eric, 168n.55 Beck Figueres, Karen Olsen, 49–50 Benedict, Ruth, 145 Benin, 140, 196n.168 Bernardino, Minerva, 115, 123–26, 192n.72 Bernheim, Franz, 66 Biafran conflict (1968), 57, 109–10 Birecki, Henryk, 67 Bitker, Bruno, 93 Boas, Franz, 114, 145 Boye, Ibrahima, 109, 135–36 Bricker amendment, 9, 127–28 Buckley, William F., 11, 132–33 Buffum, William, 175n.134 Byrnes, James, 167n.27 Bystricky, Rudolph, 105–6, 185n.87 Cabral, Amilcar, 70 Calvocoressi, Peter, 89 Carey, John, 84, 89 Casey, Richard, 24–25 Cassese, Antonio, 36 Cassin, René: and Afro-Asian bloc assault on human rights at Tehran Conference, 104–5; and campaign for right to petition, 64, 86; and campaign for right to self-determination, 37; and colonial clause debate, 40, 117–19; and cultural relativism/universality, 114, 117–19, 145 Ceylon, 48–49 Chalmers, René, 106–7 Champassak (Laotian delegate), 53 Chang, Peng-Chun, 115, 118, 145 China: human rights abuses and codification of cultural relativism, 142–43; and Universal Declaration, 21–25; Zhou Enlai...