Notes
Notes cH A P T E R 1. City of Failed Intentions 1. L'Enfant cited in Kenneth R. Bowling, Creating the Federal City, 17741800 : Potomac Fever (Washington, D.C.: American Institute of Architects Press, 1988),p. 12. 2. L'Enfant to Jefferson, April 4,1791, in Saul K. Padover, ed., ThomasJefferson and the National Capital (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1946))p. 57. 3. L'Enfant cited in John W. Reps, Monumetltal Washington: The Planning and Developtnent of the Capital Center (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1967),p. 14. Reps draws on the note attributed to L'Enfant by Elizabeth Kite, L'Enfant and Washington (Baltimore:Lord Baltimore Press, i929),pp. 43-48, believing it was written on L'Enfant's arrival in Georgetown on March 29,1791. 4. The commissioners announced their intent to name the city Washington and the entire federalarea the District of Columbia on September 9,1791. Padover, Jeffersorland the National Capital, p. 74. 5. The extent of the federal city was revealed in an article of July5,1791,published in Brown's Federal Gazette. A subsequent commentary in Bache's General Advertiser for July12,1791,noting that something had been given rival groups of property owners competing for advantage in Georgetown and Carrollsburg "to quiet them, without sufficient regard to the general good or to public opinion," complained of the inconvenienceof placing Congress a mile and a half from the president'shouse and other government buildings.JulianP. Boyd,ed., ThePapersof ThomasJefferson(Princeton:Princeton Eniversity Press,iggo),20: 29-30. 6. Cited in Reps, Monutnental IVashington, p. 16. See also Boyd, Papers of ThomasJefferson, 20: 29. 7. L'Enfant to Jefferson, April 4,1791, in Padover, Jefferson and the National Capital, p. 5 7 . 8. Lewis Mumford, The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects (NewYork: Harcourt Brace and World, 1961),pp. 403-4; J.P. Dougherty , "Baroque and Picturesque Motifs in L'Enfant's Design for the Federal Capital ," American Quarterly 26 (March 1974):24, 26. 9. Pamela Scott, "'This Vast Empire': The Iconography of the Mall, 17911848 ," in Richard Longstreth, ed., The Mall in Miashington, 1791-1991 (Washington , D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 1991),pp. 39-40. lo. "Essay on the City of Washington," Gazette of the United States, reprinted in the IVashit~gtotzGazette, September 23, 26, November 19, December 7, 1796, cited by Pamela Scott, "L'Enfant's IVashington Described: The City in the Public Press, 1791-179j," Washington History 3 (SpringISummer1991):110. 11. John Lauritz Larson, "'Bind the Republic Together': The National Union and the Struggle for a System of Internal Improvements," Journal of Anzerican History74 (September1987):366. By1794LTashington'sproperty included an estimated twenty thousand acres on or accessible to the Potomac River. Donald Sweig, 'X Public Broadside and Private Intrigue: How Alexandria Became Part of the National Capital," Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 87 (January 1979):76.UTashington'sconxnitment to the Potomac Company went well beyond his role in its establishment, as he continued to publicize its potential impact on trade asthe company's president through 1789.Kenneth R. Bowling, The Creatio~l of I'Vashington, D.C.: The Idea and Locatiot~oftheAmerican Capital (Fairfax,La.: George Mason University Press, i99i), pp. 119,12j. 12. Joseph H. Harrison Jr., "Sic Et Non: Thomas Jefferson and Internal Improvement ," Jourt~al of the Early Republic 7 (Winter 1987):337; Bowling, Creation of \\'askington, D.C., p. llj. 13. John C. Fitzpatrick,ed., The \Lrritings of George Washington (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1939),31: 271. 14. "JeffersonNote," November 29,1790;"Jefferson Opinion relativeto locatiilg the Ten Mile Square for the Federal Government, and building the Federal City," March 11,1791,in Padover, Jefferso~land the National Capital, pp. 31, 48. Despite his reputation as an agrarian, as early as 1776 Jefferson had pressed the Virginia House of Delegates to move the state capital to Richmond from Williamsburg because, he argued, p\~illiamsburg could never be a great town that would attract "manufacturers, trade and husbandry." Peter Nicolaisen, "Thomas Jefferson's Concept of the National Capital," in Lothar Honnighausen and Andreas Falke, eds., Waslzirzgon, D.C.:I~zterdisciplitlczry ,i\pproaches (Tiibingen:Francke Verlag ,19931,p. 106. 15. Jeffersonto L'Enfant, April lo, 1791;Jeffersonto Washington, April lo,1791, in Padover, Jeffersonand the National Capital, pp. 59, 60. 16. Boyd, Pupen of TlzolnusJefferson, 20: 18. 17. Ibid., p. 26; Reps, ~Wo~zun~ental IVashington, p. 14. 18. Boyd, Papers of Thonms Jefferson, 20: 19. On p. 16 Boyd...
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