Index Abinales, Patricio, 251 Abrams, Elliott, 120 ABRI (Indonesia Army [Angatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia]), 155–61; conflicts with PDI, 161, 162–65; containment of political Islam, 158–59; and East Timor movement, 132, 139–40, 145; and effects of human rights advocacy, 155–59; framing strategies to legitimize continued role, 157–59; HMI’s critique of, 160–61, 292n35; human rights violations in Irian Jaya, 161; Islamic audience and anti-communist message/frame, 157–58, 292n31; and the Liquica massacre, 159–61, 212–13; loss of public legitimacy, 159–61; and Muslim-Christian religious dynamics, 160–61, 292n35; opposition to Suharto’s reforms, 156–57; and “security disturbing movements,” 160, 161; and St. Cruz massacre, 145; Suharto’s liquidation of BAIS and restructuring of, 153, 155, 291n29 Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG): and Arroyo’s counter-terrorism policies, 243; and Estrada administration’s counter-terrorism policies, 233, 239–40, 241; kidnappings, 239–40, 241, 243; and Osama bin Laden, 299n30 Aceh self-determination movement, 200–206, 217–28, 297nn39–40; and compared outcomes of Indonesia’s self-determination movements, 205, 228–30; and DOM victims, 218; and East Timor, 200, 201–6, 217–28, 266, 280–81; and GAM, 200, 217–19, 226, 227–28, 230, 281, 296n27; Indonesian nationalism and territorial integrity issues, 220–21, 224– 28; martial law and international condemnation , 226–27; and massacre of civilians at Lhokseumaweh, 220, 296n31; and massacre of civilians in Krueng Geukeueh, 219; and the 2004 Asian tsunami, 227–28; Wahid government ’s report on military abuses, 220 Acharya, Amitav, 266, 285n2 Agrava Board and Aquino assassination, 124 Akhmadi, Heri, 220 AKSI (Action in Solidarity with Indonesia), 146–47 Alatas, Ali, 130, 138, 143, 163, 207 Alkatiri, Mari, 84 Alliance for Popular Democracy (ANP) (Philippines), 191 Alsa Masa in Davao City, 180–81, 182–84, 186, 293nn8–9 Alston, Philip, 231, 253–54 American Convention on Human Rights (1969), 6 American Society of Newspaper Editors, 106 Amnesty International (AI), 20, 146–47, 275–77; and Aceh’s self-determination movement, 227; and Aquino administration , 172, 173, 188; and Arroyo administration , 253; linking Muslim political prisoners to East Timor human rights issues, 136–37; and Marcos’s martial law, 100, 101–6; Nobel Peace Prize, 74; and Philippines, 100, 101–6, 172, 173, 188, 192, 253; reports on East Timor, 132, 134, 135–37; and Suharto’s political prisoner campaign, 55, 67–73, 75–76 Anak ng Gabriela (leftist Philippine organization ), 250 Anderson, Benedict, 76–77 Andjaba, Martin, 216 Andrews, David, 213 Ang Bayan (CPP newsletter), 99 Annan, Kofi, 214, 227 338 Index Antara (Indonesian newswire), 208 Anti-Martial Law Coalition, 97, 100 Anti-Subversion Law (Indonesia), 130–31, 150, 153, 154, 164 Anwar, Dewi Fortuna, 221 April 6 Liberation Movement (Philippines), 118 Aquino, Benigno “Ninoy”: assassination, 124–25; and IBP elections, 115; opposition to Marcos‘s martial law, 99, 117–18; U.S pressure on Marcos regarding the incarceration of, 108, 114 Aquino, Corazon: attempt to securitize the Philippine democracy, 196–97; credibility and the Aquino mystique, 184–85, 186–87, 198, 270; family of, 99; inauguration and new human rights standards, 171–72, 173–74, 184–85; and Marcos’s snap elections (1985), 127; regime transition and coup attempts against, 177; subcontracted violence and vigilantism, 172–75, 181–84, 192–94. See also Philippines 1986-92 (subcontracted vigilante violence) Armacost, Michael, 85–86, 107 Arroyo, Gloria Macapagal: and American military intervention in Philippines, 243–45, 248–52; and Bush administration , 243; counter-terrorism, 232–33, 242–55; transnational mobilization against human rights violations, 252–55. See also Philippines 1999-2008 (counter-terrorism and human rights) Arroyo, Joker, 179 Ascher Memorandum, 123 Asian financial crisis and Suharto government , 131–32, 165, 167–68 Asian Human Rights Commission (AHRC), 172–73, 252–53 Asia Watch, 154, 173, 193 Aspinall, Edward, 201–2, 230 Association of Major Religious Superiors in the Philippines (AMRSP), 96–97, 102, 106, 123 Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), 6, 39, 221 Australia, 141, 207 Australian Council for Overseas Aid (ACFOA), 161 Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), 236–37 Aventajado, Roberto, 241 BAIS (Armed Forces Strategic Intelligence Body) (Indonesia), 153, 155, 291n29 Bali bombings (2002), 248, 256 Bandung Conference (1955), 59 Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), 79 Bangkok Declaration (1967), 39 Barbero, Carmelo Z., 103 Barnes, Thomas J., 86 Barnett, Michael, 275 Bartu, Peter, 214 Basic Christian Communities, 98 Bautista, J. Virgilio, 185 Bayan Muna (leftist Philippine organization), 249–51 Beeson, Mark, 24, 240 Bello, Walden, 93–94 Belo...