Notes abbreviations AASS Acta Sanctorum. Ed. Société des Bollandistes. 68 vols. Antwerp and Brussels, 1643–1940. CCCM Corpus Christianorum, Continuatio Mediaevalis. Turnhout: Brepols, 1966–. CCM Corpus Consuetudinum Monasticarum. Ed. K. Hallinger. Siegburg: F. Schmitt, 1963–. CCSL Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina. Turnhout: Brepols, 1953–. CSEL Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum. Vienna, 1866–. MGH Monumenta Germaniae Historica Series in MGH Capit. Capitularia regum Francorum. Ed. Alfred Boretius and Victor Krause, 2 vols. Hanover: Hahn, 1883–97 Capit. episc. Capitula episcoporum. Ed. Peter Brommer, Rudolf Pokorny , and Martina Stratmann. 3 vols. Hanover: Hahn, 1984–95. Conc. Concilia. Ed. Friedrich Maasen, et al. 6 vols. with supplements . Hanover: Hahn, 1893–. Epp. Epistolae. Ed. Paul Ewald, et al. 8 vols. Berlin: Weidmann , 1891–1928. Fontes iuris Fontes iuris Germanici antiqui in usum scholarum. Ed. Friedrich Bluhme, et al. 15 vols. Hanover: Hahn, 1869–. LL nat. Germ. Leges nationum Germanicarum. Ed. L. R. de Salis, et al. 5 vols. with supplements. Hanover: Hahn, 1892–1969. Poetae Latini Ed. Ernst Dümmler, et al. 6 vols. with supplements (first 4 volumes focus on the Carolingian era). Berlin: Weidmann , 1881–1923 (vols. 1–4). SS Scriptores. Ed. Georg Pertz, et al. 38 vols. with supplements . Hanover: Hahn, 1826–. SS. rer. Germ. Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum separatim editi. Ed. Georg Pertz, et al. 75 vols. with supplements . Hanover: Hahn: 1871–. 256 notes to pages 1–2 SS rer. Germ. N.S. Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, nova series. Ed. Harry Bresslau, et al. 18 vols. with supplements. Berlin: Weidmann , 1922–. PL Patrologia latina ⳱ Patrologia cursus completus. Series secunda in qua prodeunt patres . . . ecclesiae latinae. Comp. by J.-P. Migne. 221 vols. Paris, 1844–64. RB Rule of Benedict. Ed. and trans. Timothy Fry. RB : The Rule of St. Benedict in Latin and English with Notes. Collegeville, Minn.: Liturgical Press, 1981. SC Sources chrétiennes. Paris: Éditions du Cerf, 1943–. VE Brun Candidus. Vita Eigilis. Ed. Gereon Becht-Jördens. Vita Aegil Abbatis Fuldensis a Candido ad Modestum edita prosa et versibus: Ein Opus Geminum des IX. Jahrhunderts. Marburg: Selbstverlag, 1994. introduction 1. For the text of In honorem sanctae crucis (since the sixteenth century more popularly known as De laudibus sanctae crucis), see Hrabanus Maurus, In honorem sanctae crucis, Michel Perrin (ed.), CCCM 100 (accompanying facsimile in CCCM 100A; Turnhout: Brepols, 1997). The poem inscribed on Hrabanus’s body is on p. 221 of Perrin’s edition: ‘‘Hrabanum memet clemens rogo, Christe, tuere, O pie iudicio.’’ The palindrome positioned on both arms of the Holy Cross is on p. 220: ‘‘Oro te ramus aram, ara sumar et oro.’’ Unless otherwise noted, all translations in this book are my own. 2. For discussions of Hrabanus’s acrostic poem, see Thomas F. X. Noble, Images, Iconoclasm, and the Carolingians (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009), pp. 347–51; Celia Chazelle, The Crucified God in the Carolingian Era: Theology and Art of Christ’s Passion (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), pp. 75–131; Michele Camillo Ferrari, Il ‘‘Liber sanctae crucis’’ di Rabano Mauro: Testo–immagine–contesto (Bern: Peter Lang, 1999); and Michel Perrin (ed. and trans.), Raban Maur: Louanges de la sainte croix (Paris: Berg International, 1988). 3. Hrabanus acknowledges his debt to the writers of ancient Rome within the verses of In Honor of the Holy Cross; see In honorem sanctae crucis, CCCM 100, pp. 19 (Lucretius), 225 (Horace); Perrin, Raban Maur, p. 143, notes that Hrabanus’s heroic poetry is heir to the epic style of Virgil and Lucan. 4. Hrabanus, In honorem sanctae crucis, CCCM 100, pp. 217, 286. 5. Isidore of Seville, Etymologies 1.32.1–9; the Latin text of the Etymologies available in W. M. Lindsay (ed.), Isidori Hispalensis Episcopi Etymologiarum sive originum libri XX, 2 vols. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1911). 6. Karl F. Morrison, ‘‘‘Know Thyself’: Music in the Carolingian Renaissance,’’ in Committenti e produzione artistico-letteraria nell’alto medioevo occidentale, Settimane di studio del centro Italiano sull’alto medioevo 39 (Spoleto: Presso la Sede del Centro, 1992), pp. 369–479, here p. 396. 7. On the blessing of the male tongue as an indicator of its future prophetic status, see Adomnán, Vita Columbae 1.3; Latin text with English translation in A. O. Anderson [34.238.138.162] Project MUSE (2024-03-28 16:18 GMT) notes to pages 2–3 257 and M. O. Anderson, Adomnán’s Life of Columba (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991), pp. 24–26: ‘‘Iusus tum puer cum ingenti tremore aperiens ós linguam porrexit, quam sanctus...