Index
Index Abyssinian Baptist Church, 75, 184; sale of, 185 Mrican Americans: attacks by whites on black women, 11; manhood of, 12; Northern attitudes toward, 8; Southern, 4-5; urban life of, 7-8, 18. See also Mrican Americans, and employment in New York City; Mrican Americans, and family life in New York City; Mrican Americans, and housing in New York City; Mrican Americans, migration of to the North; New York City, Mrican American communities in; New York City, Mrican American population of Mrican Americans, and employment in New York City, 107-9, 133-35, 142; and apartment house workers, 112-13; and chauffeurs, 122-23; employment for black women, 111-12, 115, 120-21, 135-37, 142-43, 164; -,as laundresses, ll8; -, and nursery work, 143-44; -, and "outwork," 143; civil service reform and the black professional class, 121-22; and "coon" imagery, 133-34; day workers , 118-19; and domestic service, 112, l15-19, 145-46, 210 n.8; -,complaints by whites about domestic help, 116-17; -, sexual assault during, 117; -, and turnover rates, 117-18; -,work hours of, 116; effect on family life, 137-38; and elevator operators, 113-14, 132; employers ' manipulation of regional stereotypes , 130-31; exclusion of blacks from labor unions, 124-25, 126-27; -,use of blacks as strikebreakers, 126-30; and geographic origin, 131-32; incursion of white unskilled labor into traditionally black occupations, 109, 111; -,in the textile industry, 11l-12; and longshoremen , 114, 127-28; and low wages, 11920 , 134, 167-68; postmen, 121; prospect of high wages, 16-17; and seasonal work in "country hotels," 139; and skilled workers, 121; "sweatshops," 111; and teachers, 122; white employers' complicity in keeping blacks from equal employment , 123-24, 130-32 Mrican Americans, and family life in New York City, 137-38, 168-69; and domestic service, 145-46; and the education of children, 154-58; -,truancy rates, 155-56; effect of the criminal justice system on, 141; and the emotional strain of poverty, 158-61; family separations due to employment opportunities, 141-42; lifestyle of children, 9-10; -, abandoned children, 161; -,abuse of children , 162-63; -,and juvenile delinquency, 150; -, in the streets, 149-51; -,in tenements, 148-49; -, threat of sexual predators, 148; and orphans/orphanages, 145-48; parental relationships with children, 10, 151-54, 160, 177-78; and spousal abuse, 161-62; and transience of the black male population , 138; unfair criticism of, 163-64 Mrican Americans, and housing in New York City, 72-73, 166; close proximity of, 79-80; costs of, 34-35; exploitation of by white landlords, 34-35; in Greenwich Village and the "Minettas," 73-75; in Harlem, 83-85; -, white reaction to, 84-85; health problems as a result of poor housing, 73-74, 77; in the San Juan district, 74, 76-77, 79-80; -, overcrowding in, 77, 82; and the subletting of apartments (the "lodging evil"), 3536 , 78-79, 83, 173; in the Tenderloin district , 74-76, 82; tenement life, 34, 72; -,description of a tenement, 75-76, 77. See also New York City Police Department 222 Index African Americans, migration of to the North (the Great Migration), 4, 6-7; ages of migrants, 10; chain migrations, 4, 17-18; among the children of slaves, 9-10; correlation with vigilantism, 12; from the Deep South, 13; effect oflabor recruiters (agents) on, 15-16, 23-24; estimated number of migrating blacks (1870s-1890s), 9; fear of lynching as cause of, 13; and the lure of high wages, 16-17; tensions between AfroCaribbeans and African Americans, 29-31; warnings against, 26-27 African Methodist Episcopal (A.M. E.) Church, 182 Afro-American Realty Company, 82 Afro-Caribbeans, 4, 27, 28, 32, 37, 76, 122, 132, 174; businesses owned by, 131; church affiliations of, 180, 182; differences from African American migrants, 22; migration of to New York City, 1819 , 21-22; mutual aid societies for, 19293 , 195; organized sports of, 192; as percentage of total black population of New York City, 19; tensions between African Americans and, 29-31; treatment of compared to African Americans , 28-29; work experiences of, 123-24, 131-32 Albright, Charles, 79 Alexander, Ernest R., 98-99 Alexander's Magazine, 11 Alger, Horatio, 51 "All Coons Look Alike to Me" (Hogan), 49 Allen, Robert, 162 American West Indian Ladies Aid Society, 195 Anderson, Charles, 174 Armstrong, Samuel Chapman, 58 Armstrong, Sarah Larsen, 175,176-77, 178 Ashley, N. R., 76 Association for the Improvement of the Condition of the Poor (AICP), 167...
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