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Note on Transliteration and Names The names of people and places mentioned in this book have been translated and transliterated into English in a variety of ways that are not always consistent. I have attempted to render personal names in a way that reflects most closely the sound in the original language, even when that name is being used in another language. I have thus referred to the Ayyubid sultan as Salah al-Din rather than Saladin. Many names of towns and geographical features have different names in Armenian, Syriac, Arabic, Greek, Latin, Turkish, and Old French. I have generally used the name of the community that was dominant in the period under discussion, with a few exceptions for well-known places. Thus, I have consistently used Edessa for the sake of familiarity, when almost everyone in the twelfth century knew it by some variation of its ancient Syriac name, Urhay (Latin Rohas, Arabic al-Ruha, Turkish Urfa, Armenian Urha). Only a few classicizing Latin chroniclers used Edessa, but that has stuck. In transliterating Armenian into English, I have generally followed the system of transliteration of the Library of Congress. I have generally used the standard western calendar for dates, although the communities under discussion used a variety of different calendars. The Frankish Levant, c. 1130. ...

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