Notes
Notes Introduction 1. The introductory vignette comes from Jacques Marquette, “Of the first Voyage made by Father Marquette toward new Mexico,” in The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents: Travels and Explorations of the Jesuit Missionaries in New France, 1610–1791, ed. Reuben Gold Thwaites (Cleveland, 1896–1901), 59: 153–59. 2. For various interpretations of Quapaw pre-seventeenth-century history, see the discussion in Chapter 3. 3. Richard White, The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 1650–1815 (New York, 1991). Another influential model, James H. Merrell’s “the Indians’ new world,” also describes a broken-apart place. James H. Merrell, The Indians’ New World: Catawbas and Their Neighbors from European Contact Through the Era of Removal (New York, 1989). 4. For a wide-angle view of dependency and world capitalist systems, see Eric Wolf, Europe and the People Without History (Berkeley, Calif., 1982). For an argument that Native Americans very early became “prisoners of an implacable process that led to impoverishment and dependency,” see Denys Delâge, Bitter Feast: Amerindians and Europeans in Northeastern North America, 1600–64, trans. Jane Brierley (Vancouver, 1993), 78. The most sophisticated application of dependency theory to Native American relations with Europeans is Richard White, The Roots of Dependency : Subsistence, Environment, and Social Change Among the Choctaws, Pawnees, and Navajos (Lincoln, Neb., 1983). See his explication of dependency theory on pages xvi-xvii. But also see White, Middle Ground, especially pages 94–96, 128–40, 482–85, in which White argues that the native peoples of the Great Lakes region did not fit the dependency model, at least not until the nineteenth century. For critiques of over-emphasizing European-imposed change, see Lauren Benton, Law and Colonial Cultures: Legal Regimes in World History, 1400–1900 (New York, 2002); Gary Clayton Anderson, The Indian Southwest, 1580–1830: Ethnogenesis and Reinvention (Norman, Okla., 1999); John Thornton, Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400–1680 (New York, 1992), 2–5. For Mill Creek, see Charles R. Cobb, From Quarry to Cornfield: The Political Economy of Mississippian Hoe Production (Tuscaloosa, Ala., 2000). Theda Perdue provides an example of eighteenth-century southeastern Indian communities as cosmopolitan places, vibrantly full of new goods and ideas. Theda Perdue, “Mixed Blood” Indians: Racial Construction in the Early South (Athens, Ga., 2003), 3. 5. On the purposes of empire, see John Robert McNeill, Atlantic Empires of France and Spain: Louisbourg and Havana, 1700–1763 (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1985), 3; Eric Hinderaker, Elusive Empires: Constructing Colonialism in the Ohio Valley, 1673–1800 (New York, 1997), xi. On the role of non-Spaniards in creating the Spanish empire, see Henry Kamen, Spain’s Road to Empire: The Making of a World Power, 1492–1763 (London, 2002). For an argument against assumptions of thorough and immediate Spanish “conquest,” see Stephanie Wood, Transcending Conquest: Nahua Views of Spanish Colonial Mexico (Norman, Okla., 2003). For the North American West, see Colin G. Calloway, One Vast Winter Count: The Native American West Before Lewis and Clark (Lincoln, Neb., 2003). 6. For European views of sovereignty, see Patricia Seed, Ceremonies of Possession in Europe’s Conquest of the New World, 1492–1640 (New York, 1995); David Armitage, The Ideological Origins of the British Empire (New York, 2000); Martin van Gelderen, “The State and Its Rivals in Early-Modern Europe,” in States and Citizens: History, Theory, Prospects, ed. Quentin Skinner and Bo Stråth (New York, 2003); The Cambridge History of Political Thought, 1450–1700, ed. J. H. Burns (New York, 1991); Kenneth Pennington, The Prince and the Law, 1200–1600: Sovereignty and Rights in the Western Legal Tradition (Berkeley, Calif., 1993). 7. Nancy Shoemaker, A Strange Likeness: Becoming Red and White in EighteenthCentury North America (New York, 2004), 15–23; Alan Ryan, “Property,” in The Foundations of Modern Political Thought, ed. Quentin Skinner (New York, 1978), 1: 322; Daniel W. Bromley, “The Commons, Property, and Common-Property Regimes,” in Making the Commons Work: Theory, Practice, and Policy, ed. Daniel W. Bromley et al. (San Francisco, 1992), 3–15; Elinor Ostrom, Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action (New York, 1991); Anthony Pagden, Lords of All the World: Ideologies of Empire in Spain, Britain and France c.1500–c.1800 (New Haven, Conn., 1995); R. Douglas Hurt, Indian Agriculture in America: Prehistory to the Present (Lawrence, Kan., 1987), 74–75. 8. See April Lee Hatfield, “Spanish Colonization Literature, Powhatan Geographies , and English Perceptions of Tsenacommacah/Virginia...
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