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Abel (biblical), 2, 49, 111 Abraham (biblical), 3, 52, 111, 141 n.21; alien status of, 43–44, 46–49, 63; collective memory of, 22; discourse of common identity and, 50–51 Aelian, 69 Aeneas (mythological), 37 Aeneid (Virgil), 37 agency, 15, 17, 40, 83–85 Alexander the Great, 85 alienation, 5, 63, 91, 98–101, 105 aliens/alien status: biblical heroes and, 51; citizens/citizenship and, 26, 44, 103; communal identity and, 22; confession to, 52–53; contextualization of, 116; critique of, 114–15; exile and, 41; in Greco-Roman views, 6; historical narrative and, 104–8; identity formation and, 92; misrecognition and, 19, 62; modern Christianity and, 111; relational nature of, 81; rhetoricity and, 15; suffering of, 4. See also resident alien topos Allen, Graham, 20 allophylos/allophyloi (aliens/foreigners), 73 allotrios, 25, 80, 98 alterity, 3, 23, 81–82, 111–13, 116; exile and, 41; identity formation and, 5; Jesus outside the camp, 55, 61–62; in 1 Peter, 9–12; resident alien topos and, 1; self as other, 6; theological responsibility and, 115; travelers’ narratives of, 31 Anabaptist movement, 3, 109 Anacharsis, 31–32 apocalyptic literature, 78 Apocryphon of James, 7, 8, 23, 91–92, 108; alienation in, 98–101; alien-stranger topos in, 101–2; constructed nature of Christian alien identity and, 116–17; dialogue and authority in, 92–94; as post-resurrection dialogue, 92, 155–56 n.5; salvation viewed in, 94–98. See also Nag Hammadi texts apologetic literature, 64–65, 72, 144 n.2 Aristotle, 33, 38, 149 n.50 asceticism, 89, 146–47 n.20 Athens, classical, 27 Attridge, Harold, 47, 51, 56, 143 n.61 Augustine, 2, 3, 103, 109, 124 n.19, 138 n.3 Aune, David, 65, 145–46 n.6, 146 n.7 Austin, J. L., 17, 41 Bainton, Roland, 1–3 Bakhtin, Mikhail, 19–20, 91, 102, 129 n.83 Balch, David, 11–12 barbarians, 65, 135 n.55; Germanic tribes, 34; binary with Greeks, 34–35, 67, 73, 146 n.14; Jews seen as, 146 n.14; Roman citizenship and, 27 Barthes, Roland, 20–21, 26, 57, 130 n.6 Beard, Mary, 58–59 Bhabha, Homi, 35–36 Bible, Hebrew: Deuteronomy, 42, 137 n.96; exile imagery in, 38; Genesis, 43, 48; Leviticus, 56, 115; on resident aliens, 42–43; translation into Greek, 3, 22, 43 biblical studies, 9, 13, 104 Bonhoeffer, Dietrich, 3, 109 Book of Mormon, 4 Boswell, John, 69, 70, 147 n.28 boundaries, 6, 12, 27, 32, 36, 142 n.45 Bourdieu, Pierre, 15–19, 22, 47, 62, 89, 144 n.67; on choice of words, 90; on group self-representation, 83–84; on “space of possibles,” 26, 130–31 n.7; on symbolic power, 77 Boyarin, Daniel, 26, 107–8, 114, 130 n.6 Index 180 Index Brakke, David, 95, 96 Bruce, F. F., 56 Buell, Denise, 8, 26, 29–31, 45, 61, 67–68 Bush, George W., 114 Butler, Judith, 40, 41 Cadmus (mythological), 37 Cain (biblical), 2 Cameron, Ron, 92, 155–56 n.5 capital, Bourdieu’s concept of, 15–16, 19 Caracalla, Emperor, 131 n.9 Castelli, Elizabeth, 72, 103–4, 114 Certeau, Michel de, 33, 37, 90 children, exposure of. See infanticide Christianity, 1–2, 102; American, 2–3, 109–10, 116; diversity of early Christianity , 7–8; ethnicity and, 30; Gnosticism and, 92–93; history and origins, 8, 13, 103–8; household (oikos) of God and, 10–11; mystery religions and, 58; Pauline groups, 105–6; sexual morality, 61, 70 Christians: described in Epistle to Diognetus, 65–66; marginality of, 22–23, 62; as new race, 67–68, 146 n.11; “otherness” of, 2; persecution in Roman world, 10, 105–6, 109; as resident aliens, 1, 2, 7–9; Roman social order and, 7, 11, 12, 66, 71–72, 75, 77, 107; as rulers of Roman world, 14, 109; worldly pleasures opposed by, 75. See also identity, Christian; self, Christian Christology, 53, 127 n.43, 139 n.4, 156 n.10 Chrysostom, John, 103 Cicero, 28–29, 38–39 citizenship, 1–2, 18, 45, 66, 99; Christians as race in relation to, 67–68; in Greek city-states, 31, 131 n.12; honorary, 28; paradox of alien citizenship, 103; resident alien status and, 10. See also Roman citizenship citizenship, heavenly, 1, 65, 71, 109, 123 n.19; Paul (Apostle) on, 2, 105; self-asother and, 72; as “true citizenship,” 54 The City of God (Augustine), 2 city-state (polis), Greek, 27–28, 31, 38 Clark...

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