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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Support for research on this topic came from Syracuse University, which granted me leave in spring 1980, as well as from the Graduate School of the university, the Senate Research Fund, the Appleby­Mosher Fund of the Maxwell School, and the Ameri­ can Philosophical Society. Inter­Nationes provided a valuable op­ portunity for research in Germany. I would also like to express special thanks to Dean Guthrie Birkhead of the Maxwell School for his continued interest in my work. My enormous debt to librariesalso begins at Syracuse.Mrs. Dor­ casMacDonald and her staff were successful in the great majorityof cases in getting hard­to­find volumes on interlibrary loan. Metod Milac, Associate Director for Collection Development, and Mar­ cella Stark, Bibliographer, were able to add numerous works to our crusade collection. Mrs. Molly Fuller cheerfully helped to make them more immediately accessible.Professor GilesConstable kindly permitted me to use the facilities at Dumbarton Oaks. Among for­ eign libraries and archives consulted, I wish especially to thank the staffs of the Archivio Segreto Vaticano, Sala di Referenza in the Biblioteca Nazionale in Florence, of the Gennadion Library at the American Academy in Athens, of the Staatsbibliothek in Munich, and of the Ecole franc,aise d'archeologie and the Franciscan Insti­ tute of Oriental Studies in Cairo. In Bologna, Florence, Lucca, and Palermo, the archivists were most generous of their time and con­ siderate of my needs. In particular, I would like to thank Mon­ xiv Anatomy of a Crusade signor Ghilarducci of the Archivio arcivescovile in Lucca for his great kindness. Numerous colleagues and friends have aided this project. David Abulafia, Steven Epstein, Benjamin Kedar, and M. S. Omron fur­ nished valuable information. In addition, Ben was an excellent guide in Jerusalem. JeremyJohns and H. Houben were most help­ ful, too. Franco Cardini, Paolo Delogu, Giosue Musca (the Direc­ tor of the Centra di Studi normanno­svevi at the Universita di Bari), and Cataldo Roccaro (of the OfHcina di Studi Medievali in Palermo) were kind enough to invite me to give papers based on this research.JamesJohn camethrough in anumber of emergencies. Kenneth Pennington and Donald Queller read the entire manu­ script at different stages in its development and made important contributions to its improvement. Mrs. Jane Frost typed the manu­ script. Michael Markowski assisted with the computer study and the bibliography. Finally, my wife and children have continued the support I have received from them for manyyears. ...

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