Notes
Notes Preface 1. An emphasis on "high" politicalthought and ideology has dominated the political history of revolutionary and early national America. See, for example, Charles A. Beard, An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States (New York, 1913); Noble Cunningham, Jr., TheJeffersonian Republicans: The Formation of Party Organization, 178(1-1801 (Chapel Hill, 1957); Paul Goodman, The Democratic-Republicans of Massachusetts: Politics in a Young Republic (Cambridge , 1964); David Hackett Fischer, The Revolution of American Conservatism: The Federalist Party in the Age of Jefferson (New York, 1965); Bernard Bailyn, The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution (Cambridge, 1967); Richard Hofstadtcr , The Idea of a Party System: The Rise of Legitimate Opposition in the United States, 1780-1840 (Berkeley,1969); Gordon S. Wood, The Creation of the American Republic, 1776-1787 (Chapel Hill, 1969); James M. Banner, Tothe Hartford Convention : The Federalists and the Origins of Party Politics in Massachusetts, 1780-1815 (New York, 1970); Richard Buel, Jr., Securing the Revolution: Ideology in American Politics, 1780-1815 (Ithaca, 1972); Lance Banning, The Jeffersonian Persuasion: Evolution of a Party Ideology (Ithaca, 1978); James H. Broussard, The Southern Federalists , 1800-1816 (Baton Rouge, 1978); John M. Murrin, "The Great Inversion, or Court versus Country: A Comparison of the Revolution Settlements in England (1688-1721) and America (1776-1816)," in Three British Revolutions: 1641,1688,1776, ed. J.G.A. Pocock (Princeton, 1980), 368-453; Joyce Appleby, Capitalism and a New Social Order: The Republican Vision of the 17905 (New York, 1984); Gordon S. Wood, The Radicalism of the American Revolution (New York, 1992); James Roger Sharp, American Politics in the Early Republic: The New Nation in Crisis (New Haven, 1993); Stanley M. Elkins and Eric L. McKitrick, The Age of Federalism: The Early American Republic, 1788-1800 (New York, 1993). 2. Alfred F. Young has been one of the leading pioneers here, beginning with The Democratic Republicans of New York: The Origins, 1763 -1797 (Chapel Hill, 1967), and continuing with "The Crowd and the Coming of the American Revolution : From Ritual to Rebellion in Boston," unpublished paper presented to the Shelby Cullom Davis Center for Historical Studies, Princeton University, 23January 1976; "George Robert Twelves Hewes (1742-1840): A Boston Shoemaker and the Memory of the American Revolution," William and Mary Quarterly 3d ser. 38 (1981): 561-623; "The Women of Boston: 'Persons of Consequence' in the Making 196 Notes to Page xi of the American Revolution," in Women and Politics in theAge of Democratic Revolution , ed. Harriet B. Applewhite and Darline G. Levy (Ann Arbor, 1990), 181— 226. See also Jesse Lemisch, "Jack Tar in the Streets: Merchant Seamen in the Politics of Revolutionary America," William and Mary Quarterly 3d ser. 25 (1968): 371-407, and "Listening to the 'Inarticulate': William Widger's Dream and the Loyalties of American Revolutionary Seamen in British Prisons,"Journal of Social History 3 (1969): 1-29; Gary B. Nash, The Urban Crucible: Social Change, Political Consciousness, and the Origins of the American Revolution (Cambridge, 1979); Mary Beth Norton, Liberty's Daughters: The Revolutionary Experience of American Women, 1750—1800 (Boston, 1980); Linda K. Kcrbcr, Women of the Republic: Intellect and Ideology in Revolutionary America (Chapel Hill, 1980); Rhys Isaac, The Transformation of Virginia, 1740-7700 (Chapel Hill, 1982); Scan Wilcntz, Chants Democratic : New York City and the Rise of the American Working Class, 1788-1850 (New York, 1984); Gary B. Nash, Forging Freedom: The Formation of Philadelphia's Black Community, 1720-1840 (Cambridge, 1988); Susan Branson, Women and Public Space: Gender, Politics, and Society in the 1700$ (forthcoming); Douglas R. Kgerton, Gabriel 's Rebellion: The Virginia Slave Conspiraciesof 1800 andiSoz (Chapel Hill, 1993); Susan Stabile, "'By a Female Hand': Letters, Belles Lettres, and the Philadelphia Culture of Performance, 1760-1820" (Ph.D. diss., University of Delaware, 1996). 3. Recent examples include Sharp, American Politics in the Early Republic and Klkins and McKitrick, The Age of Federalism. 4. A new generation of historians arc beginning to work through these records , examiningthe ways in which gender, nationalism,and fraternity were worked out in festive culture. See David Waldstreieher, "Rites of Rebellion, Rites of Assent: Celebrations, Print Culture, and the Origins of American Nationalism," Journal of American History 82 (1995): 37-61, and The Making of American Nationalism: Celebrations and Political Culture, 1776-1820 (Chapel Hill, forthcoming); Branson, Women and. Public Space; Len Travers, "'The Brightest Day in Our Calendar': Independence Day in Boston and Philadelphia, 1776-1826" (Ph.D. diss., Boston University, 1992); Shane White, "'It Was...
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