The Child as Natural Phenomenologist: Primal and Primary Experience in Merleau-Ponty's Psychology

Index

161 Index behaviorism, 13 Being and Nothingness (Sartre), 117 being-in-the-world, 9, 14, 68, 126 Bergson, Henri, 5–7, 31 Bernet, Rudolf, 29 Between You and I: Dialogical Phenomenology (Stawarska), 99 Bigwood, Carol, 141–42 biology, 3, 125 birth, 20–21, 141 Bloom, Paul, 81 body, the, 3, 41, 64; body image disorders , 75; body schema and infant perception, 46–47; disintegration of boundary with mind, xiii; gender and, 146; imitation behavior and, 75–76, 80–81; mirror stage and, 61–71; objectification of, 49; perceptions and, 52; primitive body image, 78; psychology and, 25; self-awareness and, 61–62, 79; senses and, 56–57; sexuality and body consciousness, 39; vitalism and, 31. See also menstruation; pregnancy Bordo, Susan, 143 Brunschvicg, Léon, 5 Butler, Judith, 141 Butterworth, George, 78, 81, 88 Cassirer, Ernst, 11 Castillo, Marcela, 78 Cézanne, Paul, 124, 149, 150 character, xii child development, xiii, xiv, 106, 126; anticipation and regression in, 40, 41; cultural differences and, 120; as dynamic process, 35; pathological experience and, 41–42; psychoanalytic theories of, xvi–xvii, 36; scientific psychology and, 36 action, 5–6, 7 adualism, 50, 81, 99, 102 adults/adult experience, 7, 14, 24, 61, 105; childhood traumas relived by, 36– 37; child’s experience continued in, xi, xxii, 12, 19, 50; Gestalt theory and, 35; objectivity of, 10; oculocentrism of, 115; perception compared with that of children, 11 “Adult’s View of the Child, The” (Merleau-Ponty lecture), 62–63 Adventures of Dialectic (Merleau-Ponty), 138n ambivalence, xviii, 37, 38–39, 141 animals, 4, 5, 76, 82; anthropomorphizing views of, 74–75; awareness and selfawareness in, 74–75; children compared to, 23; experience of positive and negative situations, 9; instinct, 12; mirrors and, 62, 63 Anisfeld, Moshe, 84–85, 87 anthropology, xiv, 22, 23, 102, 120; cultural relativism and, 125; on attitudes toward women’s strength, 134 aphasia, 32 arousal hypothesis, 85 Asendorpf, Jens B., 94–95 Asperger’s syndrome, 96 autism spectrum, 83, 86–87, 91; false belief tests and, 92; interaction theory and, 98; organization of relevant/nonrelevant data, 96 Bachelard, Gaston, 36 Baillargeon, Renee, 92 Beauvoir, Simone de, xxi, 129, 135, 136, 142 behavior, 26, 36; delusional, 43; pathological , 14, 16; physiology and, 31; subjective individual experience and, 22–23 162 I N D E X 7; in Gestalt theory, 38; “neither self nor other,” 103–4; pathological, 43; uniqueness of, 4, 6 Consciousness and the Acquisition of Language (Merleau-Ponty), xv coordination, 10 coupling, 45–46 Critique des fondements de la psychologie (Politzer), 12–13, 36, 119 culture, xii, 47, 48, 128, 129–130, 137; cultural relativism, 125, 148; romantic ethos and, 147 Darwinian theory, 22 death, child’s understanding of, 112 Derrida, Jacques, 140 Descartes, René, 20, 146 Descartes’ Baby (Bloom), 81 Deutsch, Hélène, 129 development. See child development; human development dialectic, 6, 8, 9 dialogical phenomenology, 99–101, 102 Dillon, M. C., 57, 58, 59 Diprose, Rosalyn, 141, 145 Doherty, Martin J., 92 double identification, 63, 65 drawings, by children, 114–24 dreams, 18, 19, 20, 37 drive, in Freudian theory, 12 dualism, 27, 81, 82, 142, 146 education, 35 ego, 49, 62; boundaries with others, 50; face-to-face interactions and, 100; intersubjectivity and, 58; mirror stage and, 66, 70; other and, 46; transcendental , 99 Electra complex, 35–36 El Greco, 130 embodiment theory, feminist, 142, 145, 146 emotions, 18, 53, 54, 74, 75, 129 empiricism, 26–27 environment, xii, 97, 98 epistemology, xiii essentialism, 145 Ethics of Sexual Difference, The (Irigaray), 139 Child Development (journal), 94 child psychology, xiv, xxi, 3, 4, 9, 88; concrete experiments in, 151; as diverse and specialized field, xi; mentalistic presuppositions in, 99 Child Psychology and Pedagogy: The Sorbonne Lectures 1949–1952 (Merleau-Ponty), xiv, xv, xviii children: animals compared to, 23; with autism, 83, 86–87, 91, 92, 96; creative expression in, xx–xxi; ignorance of boundary between self and others, 54–55; imitation behavior, 55, 61; interaction and understanding of, xiv; intersubjective bond with others, 48; magical explanations and, 107–13, 117; other people as subjects and, 52; pansexuality of, 39; play behavior of, 40, 41, 49; romantic ethos and, 147; theory of mind and, 82–83; time delay and self-identification, 93–94 children, “egocentrism” of, 10, 11, 18, 19, 54, 55; relationship to one’s own body and, 61; situated aspect of experience and, 67–68; as unawareness of other perspectives, 101 child’s experience, xi, xviii, 4, 23–24, 105, 147; adult artist and, 149...