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125 INTRODUCTION 1. See Dmitrii Merezhkovskii, L. Tolstoi i Dostoevskii, Literaturnye pamiatniki Series, ed. E. A. Andrushchenko (Moscow: Nauka, 2000), and Nikolai Losskii , Dostoevskii i ego khristianskoe miroponimanie (New York: Izdatel’stvo imeni Chekhova, 1953). 2. James Scanlan, Dostoevsky the Thinker (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2002), 231. 3. Ibid., 4. 4. Ivanov’s essay “Osnovnoi mif v romane ‘Besy’” (“The Central Myth in the Novel ‘The Possessed’”) and Bulgakov’s essay “Russkaia tragediia” (“Russian Tragedy”) were published in the monthly literary/political magazine Russkaia mysl’. 5. For the English version of this essay, see Vyacheslav Ivanov, Freedom and the Tragic Life: A Study in Dostoevsky, trans. Norman Cameron, ed. S. Konovalov , foreword by Sir Maurice Bowra (New York: Noonday Press, 1952). 6. Steven Cassedy, Dostoevsky’s Religion (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2005), 3. 7. On Dostoevsky and Russian religious philosophers of the Silver Age, see recent articles: A. G. Gacheva, “Tvorchestvo Dostoevskogo i russkaia religioznofilosofskaia mysl’ kontsa XIX—pervoi treti XX veka,” in Dostoevskii i XX vek, ed. T. A. Kasatkina (Moscow: IMLI RAN, 2007), 1:18–96; Elena Novikova, “‘Mir spaset krasota’ F. M. Dostoevskogo i russkaia religioznaia filosofiia kontsa XIX— pervoi poloviny XX veka,” in Dostoevskii i XX vek, 1:97–124; Mikhail Aksenov Meerson, “Rozhdenie Filosofii iz Dukha Literatury na stsene russkogo personalizma ,” in Dostoevskii i XX vek, 1:125–42; B. N. Tikhomirov, “Diskussionnye voprosy interpretatsii khristianskogo mirovozzreniia Dostoevskogo v svete rabot V. V. Zen’kovskogo,” in Dostoevskii i XX vek, 1:199–216. 8. Georgii Florovskii, “Religioznye temy Dostoevskogo,” in O Dostoevskom: Tvorchestvo Dostoevskogo v russkoi mysli, 1881–1931, ed. E. L. Novitskaia (Moscow: Kniga, 1990), 386–90. Notes 126 Notes to Pages 5–8 9. A. Boyce Gibson, The Religion of Dostoevsky (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1973). 10. Ibid., 76. 11. Ibid., 209. 12. Cassedy, Dostoevsky’s Religion, 108. 13. Ibid. 14. Mikhail Bakhtin, Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics, ed. and trans. Caryl Emerson (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1984). 15. Ibid., 30. 16. Caryl Emerson has noted the “beneficence” of Bakhtin’s readings, how Bakhtin remains relatively aloof toward the vertical axis of Dostoevsky’s world and the characters’ religious epiphanies, rarely analyzing scenes of radical transformation . See Caryl Emerson, “Word and Image in Dostoevsky’s Worlds: Robert Louis Jackson on Readings That Bakhtin Could Not Do,” in Freedom and Responsibility in Russian Literature: Essays in Honor of Robert Louis Jackson , ed. E. C. Allen and G. S. Morson (Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press; New Haven, Conn.: Yale Center for International and Area Studies, 1995), 245–66. 17. Bakhtin, Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics, 18. 18. Gary Saul Morson, “Paradoxical Dostoevsky,” SEEJ 43, no. 3 (Fall 1999): 471. 19. For a detailed discussion of Hegel’s dialectics, see G. W. F. Hegel’s Science of Logic, trans. W. H. Johnson and L. G. Struthers, with an introductory preface by Viscount Haldane of Cloan, vol. 1 (New York: Humanities Press, 1966). 20. The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, ed. Lesley Brown, 2 vols. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993), 1:660. 21. Charles H. Kahn, The Art and Thought of Heraclitus: An Edition of the Fragments with Translation and Commentary (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979), 71. 22. Ibid., 75. 23. Ibid., 85. 24. Lao Tsu, “The Tao Te Ching,” in The Sacred Books of China: The Texts of Taoism, trans. J. Legge, ed. F. M. Muller (New York: Dover Publications, 1962), 1:47. 25. See Geir Kjetsaa, Dostoevsky and His New Testament, Slavica Norvegica Series 3 (Oslo: Solum, 1984), 52–60. 26. Pseudo-Dionysius, “The Divine Names,” in his Complete Works, trans. Colm Luibheid (New York: Paulist Press, 1987), 108–9 (872A). 27. Nicholas of Cusa, On Learned Ignorance, translation and appraisal of De Docta Ignorantia by J. Hopkins (Minneapolis: Arthur J. Banning Press, 1981). [54.160.244.62] Project MUSE (2024-03-19 08:25 GMT) 127 Notes to Pages 8–13 28. Nicholas Berdyaev, Dostoevsky, trans. Donald Attwater (New York: Meridian Books, 1968), 13. 29. Kahn, Art and Thought of Heraclitus, 65. 30. For a discussion of these images, see G. S. Kirk, J. E. Raven, and M. Schofield , The Presocratic Philosophers, 2nd ed. (1957; repr., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983), 192–93. 31. This idea is characteristic of various strands of Chinese thought. 32. There is an ancient Chinese tradition of commentary on Tai Chi. The idea is first mentioned in the Book of the Master Mo in the fourth century b.c. and in the Book of the Master Chuang in...