Sedges: Cyperus to Scleria

Appendix: Additions and Changes to the First Edition

APPENDIX: ADDITIONS AND CHANGES TO THE FIRST EDITION Since the publication of the first edition of Sedges: Cyperus to Scleria in I976, several additions to the sedge flora of Illinois have been made, and many new distributional records have been added. Also, a large number of nomenclatural revisions have taken place, resulting in several alterations of scientific names. All of the changes are reflected in the entries below. Cyperus L. Page IS. Since publication ofthe first edition ofSedges: Cyperus to Scleria (I976), one species of Cyperus has been transferred to the genus Kyllinga, one species and one hybrid have been added to the Illinois flora, and several nomenclatural changes have taken place. A new key to the species of Cyperus in Illinois is provided: I. Stigmas 2; achenes lenticular. 2. Achenes black, nearly as broad as long, with horizontal wrinkles; scales straw-colored_____________________ _Cyperus flavescens 2. Achenes drab or gray, longer than broad, without horizontal wrinkles; scales usually suffused with purple. 3· Styles divided nearly to base, persistent and conspicuously exserted to 4 mm from scales_______________________Cyperus diandrus 3· Styles divided to about the middle, falling away early, hidden by the scales or exserted to 2 mm from the scales. 4. Scales closely appressed, strongly suffused with purple (straw-colored in C. bipartitus f. elutus)_ _____________ _Cyperus bipartitus 4· Scales with tips somewhat spreading, the spikelets appearing serrate, straw-colored or purple on the margins______ _Cyperus filicinus I. Stigmas 3; achenes trigonous. 5· Scales with strongly recurved tips_ __________ _Cyperus squarrosus 5. Scales with tips either appressed or only slightly spreading. 6. Clusters of spikelets spherical or globose, with spikelets radiating in all directions. 7· Scales appressed, but with the tips shortly recurved; spikes to 8 mm across. 8. Achenes linear, I.O-I-4 mm long; perennial plants at least 35 em tall at maturity_______________ _Cyperus pseudovegetus 8. Achenes ellipsoid to oblongoid, 0.5-1.0 mm long; annual plants nevermore than 35 em talL ___________Cyperus acuminatus r8r I82 I APPENDIX 7. Scales appressed to spreading, their tips straight; some of the heads over I em across. 9· Scales appressed; spikelets 2- to 3-tlowered__ ___Cyperus echinatus 9· Scales spreading; spikelets 5- to several-flowered_________ _ ____________________________Cyperus grayoides 6. Cluster of spikelets hemispherical, cylindrical, ellipsoid or lanceoloid, but not spherical or globose. 10. Spikelets arising from a common point on the axis. I I. Annual with soft bases; achenes tan, broadest above the middle_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Cyperus compressus I I. Perennial with short, firm rhizomes; achenes light brown, dark brown, or black, broadest at the middle. I2. Scales obtuse, or the uppermost acute, without a mucro, s- to 9-nerved; achenes black__ __________Cyperus lupulinus 12. Scales terminated by a mucro up to 1.5 mm long, 9-to ISnerved ; achenes light or dark brown. I3· Achenes I.2-I.8 mm long, dark brown; scales 2.0-2.5 mm long__________________ _Cyperus houghtonii I3. Achenes 2.5-3.3 mm long, light brown; scales 2.5-4.0 mm long. I4. Culms harshly scabrous______Cyperus schweinitzii I4· Culms smooth or nearly so___Cyperus X mesochorus IO. Spikelets arising from either side of an elongated axis. I5. Scales 1.0-1.5 mm long; achenes 0.9-1.0 mm long. I6. Achenes white; spikelets about I mm broad; scales closely appressed ; roots usually reddish_ ____ _Cyperus erythrorhizos I6. Achenes brown or black; spikelets about I.5 mm broad; scales somewhat remote from each other; roots not reddish_ ___ _ ___________________________Cyperus iria I5. Scales 1.5-4.5 mm long; achenes r.o-2.8 mm long. I7. Scales remote, the tip of one just reaching the base of the one above it, giving the spikelet a zigzag appearance______ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Cyperus engelmannii I7. Scales approximate and overlapping. I8. Some or all the mature spikelets reflexed. I9. Spikelets 8-I5 mmlong; scaleS4-5 mmlong; achenes about 2.5 mm long________Cyperus lancastriensis I9. Spikelets 3-5 mm long; scales 2.0-2.5 mm long; achenes about I.5 mm long____ _Cyperus retrorsus I8. All except sometimes the lowest pair of spikelets spreading or ascending. Additions and Changes to the First Edition I 183 20. Rhizomes scaly and usually ending...