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Descriptions and Illustrations Order Chenopodiales The Chenopodiales are represented in Illinois by nine familiesPhytolaccaceae , Nyctaginaceae, Aizoaceae, Cactaceae, Portulacaceae , Chenopodiaceae, Amaranthaceae, Caryophyllaceae, and PoIygonaceae . Only the Polygonaceae are treated in this book; the others will be in subsequent volumes in the series. Of these nine families of Chenopodiales in Illinois, the Polygonaceae are considered to be the most advanced by Thorne (1968). POLYGONACEAE-SMARTWEED FAMILY Herbs, less commonly shrubs, rarely trees, often with swollen nodes; leaves simple, alternate, entire, stipulate, the stipules usually sheathing; inflorescence various; flowers usually small, perfect, rarely unisexual, actinomOl'phic or zygomorphic; sepals 3-6, free or united, often persistent; petals absent; stamens 4-12, free; styles 23 , free or united at the base; ovary superior, 2- to 4-carpellate, with 1 erect ovule; fruit an achene, often angled or winged. The Polygonaceae is a family of about 30 genera and nearly 1,000 species, distributed in both temperate and tropical regions of the world. Stipules, when present, usually form a cylindrical sheath around the stem. These specialized stems are known as ocreae (sing., ocrea). Smaller cylindrical sheaths associated with the flowers are called ocreolae (sing., ocreola). Six genera and 44 species are recognized in Illinois. KEY TO THE GENERA OF Polygonaceae IN ILLINOIS 1. Climbing shrubs with tendrils; pedicels winged on one side by the calyx-______________________________________ 1. Brunnichia 1. Prostrate or ascending or erect herbs or, if climbing, then without tendrils ; pedicels not winged by the calyx _______________________ 2 2. Leaves very narrow, needlelike ________________ 2. Polygonella 2. Leaves linear or broader, not needlelike ___________________ 3 3. Sepals 6; stamens 6 (-10) _________________________________ 4 3. Sepals usually 5; stamens 3-8 _____________________________ 5 5 ...

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