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Contents Preface ix Acknowledgments xiii Abbreviations xv Introduction: The Four Titans 1 1. Resurrecting the League: Rochester, 1898 8 2. The Black Judases: Washington, D.C., 1898 16 3. All Eyes on McKinley: Chicago, 1899 38 4. Playing at Presidential Politics: Indianapolis, 1900 53 5. Nowhere Else to Turn: Philadelphia, 1901 83 6. Fortune at the Helm: Saint Paul, 1902 101 7. Dueling Portraits: Louisville, 1903 121 8. Enduring the Interregnum: Saint Louis, 1904 141 9. Walters Redux: Detroit, 1905 152 10. Competing with Niagara: New York City, 1906 168 11. Farewell to the Wizard: Baltimore, 1907 184 Epilogue: Slouching toward Columbus 202 Appendix: National Afro-American Council Constitution 211 Notes 215 Bibliography 243 Index 251 ...

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