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121 Glossary affirmative side. The speaker or team that undertakes to secure audience acceptance of the truth of the debate proposition. american forensic association (afa). A national association of forensic scholars and educators at all levels. Sponsors the National Debate Tournament and the National Individual Events Tournament (NIET). american parliamentary debate association (apda). A national debate group sponsoring parliamentary format tournaments, especially in the eastern part of the United States. Visit the group’s website for additional information. analogy. A type of argument that asserts that if the facts relating to A and the facts relating to B are alike in certain known respects, they will be alike in another respect. analysis. The process of thinking through a subject and discovering the issues; systematic inquiry. argument. An assertion that implies the result of reasoning or proof. assertion. An unsupported statement. bibliography. A systematic compilation of references on a given subject. block. A brief of arguments, including reasoning and evidence, prepared in advance of a debate to apply against expected lines of opponents’ argument . brief. A carefully prepared, complete outline of one side in a debate, including the evidence to support each point. canadian university society for intercollegiate debate (cusid). Promotes parliamentary-style debating in Canada. Visit the group’s website for additional information. case. All the assembled proof available for determining the truth of the proposition (for the affirmative) or the untruth of the proposition (for the negative). The brief developed in full with analysis, reasoning, and evidence. cause. A type of argument that asserts that if fact A occurs, fact B will necessarily follow from it. clash. The direct opposition between the affirmative and the negative cases, created by narrowing the controversy down to its essential issues. constructive speech. The main speech in a debate for each speaker, in which all issues to be considered in the debate are presented. 122 Glossary contention. An argumentative statement that forms a main heading in the constructive outline and that is in turn supported by arguments and evidence. counterplan. In policy debates, a negative strategy that accepts the need but offers an alternative solution. counterwarrant. In value-oriented debate, a negative strategy that argues for the acceptance of an alternative value structure from that called for by the resolution. criticism. Comments provided by a judge or teacher with the intent of explaining an evaluation and indicating areas in need of improvement. cross-examination. The process of asking questions of opposing speakers . cross-examination debate association (ceda). A national organization with the purpose of promoting educational debate and dedicated to teaching the principles of persuasive and communicative argumentation . Visit the organization’s website for additional information debate. Formal oral controversy consisting of the systematic presentation of opposing arguments on a selected topic. delivery. The communication of ideas to an audience through verbal and nonverbal means. evidence. Matters of fact or opinion offered as support or proof for assertions advanced. example. A type of argument that asserts a generalization based on the qualities of a specific instance or instances. fallacy. Any defect in reasoning that destroys its validity. flow sheet. A method of taking notes during a debate that enables the debater or listener to keep track of the development of an argument throughout successive speeches. It outlines the flow of argument in the debate. forensics. Speaking for judgment, often used to designate competitive interscholastic speech activities, such as debate. It this context, forensics is an educational activity primarily concerned with using an argumentative perspective in examining problems and communicating with people. issue. A conclusion that must be proved in order to establish that the proposition ought to be adopted; it appears in the debate as a key assertion. judge. The person who evaluates a debate. lincoln-douglas debate. One person versus one person debate format in the tradition of the famous historical debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas. 123 Glossary national association of urban debate leagues (naudl). A national group dedicated to bringing debate experience to high school students in underserved urban districts. Visit the group’s website for additional information. national debate tournament (ndt). The national championship tournament for collegiate debate in the United States, sponsored by the American Forensic Association and open only to qualifying teams. Also used as a shorthand term to designate policy proposition debate and the style of presentation associated with it. Visit the NDT website for additional information. national forensic league (nfl). An association of high school educators and scholars that sponsors debate and individual speaking...

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