Index
INDEX Abstract ideas, 260-64 Abstraction, 50 Abstract words, 269 Absurdity, 267 Adaptation, audience, 95, 98, 102-4 passim Addison, Joseph, 9, 16n, 79, 179, 181, 397, 401 Allegory, 75 Ambiguity: in construction, 220-21, 231-43; in words, 222; defined, 226; in pronouns, 231-37; in adjectives, 237-39; in nouns, 239-41; in conjunctions , 241 Amplification, through repetition, 340 Analogical reasoning, 50, 53-54, 74 Analogy, of language, 157 Animals, reasoning in, 48 Animation, 216, 294 Antithesis, 75, 372-80; its merits, 376 Antonomasia, 300 Argument: in speech to convince, 2: a kind of comparison, 14,74; in persuasion , 275; sound argument more vivid than sophistry, 278; and figures of speech, 294. See also Evidence ; Reasoning Aristotle: his theory of ridicule, 27-28; quoted, 72n, 93, 277n; mentioned , lxxiii, 21, 34, 132, 271, 289, 328 Arrangement: and obscurity, 220; and ambiguity, 231-43; and attention, 357; the period, 369; of words produces vivacity, Bk. III, Chap. III passim Arts: Rise and progress of, lxvii-lxx, 296-97; and sciences, lxvii; founded in experience, lxix; divisions and objects of, Ixix-lxx; and imagination , Ixx-Ixxi Association of ideas: in wit, humor, ridicule, 9, 13, 19-20, 30; in experience , 47-48, 50; in analogical reasoning , 53; Hume's principles of association, 76; and probability, 83; in discourse, 83-84; and natural relations , 258; in theory of signs, 258-59; mentioned, 74, 87, 88. See also Relations Association of passions: and sympathy , 131; mentioned, 117, 122, 129, 130, 131, 132-33 Asyndeton, 366 Attention: and importance, 6; and imagination, 73; requires gratification , 112; awakened by vivacity and elegance, 285; directed by figures, 301; and natural order, 357 Audience: its opinion of speaker, 96-98; of bar, senate, pulpit, 102-4. See also Adaptation Bacon, Francis: genius in philosophy, lxxi; quoted, lxviii, Ixin, 70n, 72n, 248n, 273n Bar, speeches of, Bk. I, Chap. X passim Barbarism: defined, 149, 156: destroys purity, 170; causes of, 171-79 Beattie, James: his work on laughter, Ixiv; on common sense, 38n Beauty: pleases fancy, 73; and an object of reason, 79n; mentioned, 215 Belief: and human nature, 71; and vivacity , 73; influenced by sympathy, 96-97; in tragedy, 117, 123n. See also Experience Benevolence, 90, 130 Berkeley, George: on language and ideas, 256-57; on abstract ideas, 262 Blair, Hugh, 290 Bolingbroke, Henry, Lord, 17-18,29 Bouhours, Dominique: on natural order, 357n; quoted, 279 Brevity: promotes vivacity, 333; violations of, 338 Buffer, Claude: on common sense, 38n; quoted, 42 Burke, Edmund, his Sublime and Beautiful mentioned, 257 Butler, Joseph, his Analogy of Religion mentioned, 54n 418 INDEX Calculations of chances, evidence from, 49, 56-58 Catachresis, 314-16 Cause (causation): in experience, 46-52; a natural relation, 258; foundation of metonymy, 2394; suggested by nature, 366; mentioned, 56-57, 70n, 76 Certainty: from intuition, 36-42; from testimony, 55; in demonstrative and moral reasoning, 58-61; mentioned, 81-82. See also Probability; Truth Cervantes, de, Miguel, 8n Chance, 56-57 Children, reasoning in, 48 Cicero: his sublimity and vehemence, 6n, 7n; would offend modern ears, 6n; quoted, In, 4n, 16n, 9On, lOIn, 170n, 295n, 377n; mentioned, lxxiii, 8n, 105 Circumlocution, 344 Clarity. See Perspicuity Climax, and speciality, 292 Comedy, 16-17 Commiseration, and sympathy, 133 Common sense truths: dispute between Reid and Priestley, 38n; underlie all argumentation, 39n, 40 not established by reason, 40; denialof , not contradictory, 41-42; instinctive , 42 Comparison: basis of argument, 14; as argument from analogy, 74; Quintilian on, 74; in figures of speech, 75; defined, 75n. See also Resemblance Composition: necessity of rules, 75; natural method, 367 Concomitancy, 258 Concreteness. See Speciality Congreve, William, 19 Conjunctions: and vivacity, 365; mentioned , 385 Connectives: and vivacity, 385; and feebleness of style, 409 Consciousness: a source of evidence, 37-58; judges degree of vivacity, 74 Contiguity, 76, 258 Contrariety, 258, 294 Conviction: necessary in all types of discourse, 33; through comparisons, 75; mentioned, 71. See also Evidence ; Certainty Criticism: relationship to rhetorical practice, lxxiv; role of, 152, 153, 160, 161; excessive, 397-98; roles of, Bk. II, Chap. II Custom: gives rule to language, 139-40, 169; the standard of expression and style, 141; may be checked by criticism, 160; and word-thing relatijons, 258. See also Use Deduction, two types, 43 Deliberative speeches, 87 Delicacy: and obscurity, 279; in praise and censure, 279, 281; in language, 312 Demonstration (demonstrative reasoning ): mathematical, and address to understanding, 2; a type of deduction , 43; limitations of, 43; dependent on memory, 58-59; compared with...
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