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Descriptions and Illustrations Order Solanales The Solanales are represented in Illinois by four families-Solanaceae , Convolvulaceae, Cuscutaceae, and Polemoniaceae. The Cuscutaceae are unique in not possessing chlorophyll. All families of this order in Illinois have alternate leaves (except the Cuscutaceae, which have no leaves), actinomorphic flowers, united petals, five stamens, and a superior ovary. Except for the slightly woody solanaceous genus Lycium and one species of Solanum, all are herbaceous . SOLANACEAE-NIGHTSHADE FAMILY Herbs or less frequently somewhat woody, rarely climbing; leaves usually alternate, simple or compound; inflorescence various; flowers perfect, actinomorphic; sepals 5, united, often persistent on the fruit; petals 5, united into a rotate, campanulate, or funnelform corolla ; stamens usually 5, attached to the corolla tube; ovary superior , 2- to 6-locular, with numerous ovules on axile placentae; fruit a capsule or berry. The Solanaceae are a family found in both temperate and tropical regions of the Old and New World. Botanists recognize about eighty genera and more than three thousand species, including such important plants as the potato (S-olanum tuberosum), eggplant (S. melongena), tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum), strawberry tomato (Physalis spp.), and red pepper (Capsicum spp.), and several ornamentals-butterfly plant (Schizanthus spp. ), salpiglossis (Salpiglossis spp.), petunia (Petunia spp. ), nierembergia (Nierembergia spp.), browallia (Browallia spp.), brunfelsia (Brunfelsia spp.), and the chinese lantern (Physalis alkekengi). In addition, several species in the family have poisonous properties, while others are drug plants-belladonna (Atropa belladonna), henbane (Hyoscyamus spp.), and stramonium (Datura spp.). Tobacco (Nicotiana spp.) also belongs to this family. The Illinois flora contains nine genera of Solanaceae, with only Solanum and Physalis having native species in Illinois. 7 ...

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