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Descriptions and Illustrations Order Liliales This order, as recognized in this work, includes several groups recognized by some workers as separate orders, such as Amaryllidales , Dioscoreales, Iridales, Haemodorales, Agavales, and Burmanniales. Current evidence seems to indicate all these groups are similar enough to warrant inclusion in a single order. In Illinois, this revised Order Liliales is made up of the Liliaceae (including Amaryllidaceae), Smilacaceae, Dioscoreaceae , Iridaceae, and Burmanniaceae. Hutchinson's reorganization of the Amaryllidaceae to include only those species with an umbellate inflorescence does not seem consistent when considered with other features. Likewise, Hutchinson's separation of the arborescent genera into the Agavales does not seem justified. KEY TO THE FAMILIES OF Liliales IN ILLINOIS 1. Plants climbing or twining (if erect, then usually with a few weak tendrils from the upper axils); leaves net-veined; flowers unisexual. 2. Inflorescence umbellate; ovary superior; fruit a berry_______ _ __ ___________ __ __________ ______ ____Smilacaceae, p. 128 2. Inflorescence glomerulate or paniculate; ovary inferior; fruit a capsule___________________________Dioscoreaceae, p. 146 1. Plants erect (tendrils never present); leaves mostly parallel-veined; Rowers bisexual or unisexual. 3· Flowers unisexual. 4· Leaves net-veined; flowers in umbels__________________ _ __________________Smilax ecirrata, in Smilacaceae, p. 145 4· Leaves parallel-veined; flowers in racemes or panicles____ _ _____________________________________Liliaceae, p. 11 3· Flowers bisexual. 5· Ovary superior________________________Liliaceae, p. 11 5· Ovary inferior. 6. Stamens 3; styles sometimes petaloid___Iridaceae, p. 150 6. Stamens 6 (-4); styles not petaloid. 7· Leaves reduced to scales; plants lacking chlorophyll, at most 4 em tall_ _____________Burmanniaceae, p. 178 10 Liliaceae I 11 7· Leaves blade-bearing; plants with chlorophyll, well over 4 em tall_____________________Liliaceae, p. 11 LILIACEJE-LILY FAMILY Erect perennial herbs, occasionally becoming subligneous, from bulbs, rhizomes, corms, tubers, or thick fibrous roots; inflorescence various; flowers radially symmetrical, perfect (unisexual in a few genera), perianth parts (4)6, free or united at base or into a tube, generally uniform in color; stamens (4) 6; ovary superior or inferior; fruit a few- to many-seeded capsule or berry. The Liliaceae, as constituted here, includes the traditional families Liliaceae and Amaryllidaceae. In conventional systems, the Amaryllidaceae differ from the Liliaceae in the inferior position of the ovary. Hutchinson, on the other hand, has called for the transfer of the liliaceous genera with an umbellate inflorescence (such as Allium and Nothoscordum) to the Amaryllidaceae . He also proposes to segregate the arborescent genera (such as Yucca and Agave) into the Agavaceae. Likewise, Trillium , with a differentiated perianth and whorled leaves, is considered by some to constitute a separate family, the Trilliaceae. All of these family segregations are rejected here because of the artificial characters used by previous workers in trying to segregate them. In fact, the differences between the conventional Liliaceae and Amaryllidaceae are so vague that these two families are combined in this work. This large and showy family ranks behind the Poaceae and Cyperaceae in number of species within the monocots in Illinois. KEY TO THE GENERA OF Liliaceae OF ILLINOIS 1 • Ovary superior. 2. Leaves evergreen, rigid; stems woody_____________25. Yucca 2. Leaves deciduous, mostly not rigid; stems herbaceous. 3· Flowers borne in umbels; leaves and bulbs usually with a strong odor of onion (except Nothoscordum and Medeola) 4· Leaves in two whorls below the flowers_____23. Medeola 4· Leaves never whorled, usually all basal. 5· Bulb with a strong odor of garlic or onion; ovary 3-celled, with 1-2 ovules per cell________21. Allium 5· Bulb lacking an odor of garlic or onion; ovary 3-celled, with 6-10 ovules per cell_________22. Nothoscordum ...

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