Hunting Nazis in Franco's Spain

Acknowledgements

ix Acknowledgments This project began as I completed my dissertation and first book and found myself in possession of a great deal of material on Allied intelligence in Spain that I had not used. A grant from the Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) in 2006 allowed me to participate in a seminar entitled “Intelligence and the Holocaust,” which helped me to refine my ideas, to see how I could use material I had already collected, and to focus on what I needed to do to make a worthwhile project on the subject of Allied repatriation policy in Spain. I am grateful to Gerhard Weinberg, one of the seminar’s leaders, as well as to the seminar participants, Steve Tyas, Kerstin von Lingen, and Michael Salter, for encouraging me in this work and providing support and feedback. Katrin Paehler, whom I first met at the seminar, has been incredibly supportive and incredibly willing to discuss writing, editing , and thinking on any and all issues concerning the fate of various Nazis after World War II; I am truly grateful. Hilary Earl, Carole Fink, Norman Goda, Sandie Holguín, and the welcoming community of the Association for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies encouraged this work, read pieces of it, and heard many papers that show up in bits and pieces throughout the book. At the University of Wyoming, Erin Abraham and Nevin Aiken read and discussed aspects of this project and, as nonspecialists, provided me with important insights. Chris Muscato and most especially Joanne Allen are thanked for their work on editing and copyediting the book. Finally, the comments of the readers assigned by LSU Press and the active encouragement over many years from Alisa Plant at the Press helped bring this project to its completion. x Acknowledgments I thank Carroll College, in Helena, Montana; the Program of Cultural Collaboration between the government of Spain and U.S. universities; and the Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies at the USHMM for grants to start the archival work necessary to move forward . Funding for both writing and subsequent archival work came from the Mershon Center for International Security Studies at the Ohio State University and, at the University of Wyoming, the Faculty Grant-in-Aid Program, a College of Arts and Sciences Basic Research Grant, the Department of History, and the Global & Area Studies Program. The welcoming atmosphere created by faculty and staff in these programs encourages me every day. The staffs at the National Archives and Records Administration, in College Park, Maryland; the Archivo General del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, in Madrid; and the National Archives of the United Kingdom, in Kew, were extremely helpful. Parts of the text have previously appeared elsewhere. Large parts of chapter 1 appeared as “Beyond War Crimes: Denazification, ‘Obnoxious ’ Germans and Allied Policy in Franco’s Spain after the Second World War,” Contemporary European History 20, no. 4 (2011), from Cambridge University Press, and parts of chapter 2 are from “Against the Grain: Special Operations Executive in Spain, 1941– 1945,” which appeared first in Intelligence and National Security 20, no. 1 (2005), from Taylor & Francis (www.tandfonline.com/doi/full /10.1080/02684520500059502), and then again in The Politics and Strategy of Clandestine War: Special Operations Executive, 1940–1946, edited by Neville Wylie (2006), published by Routledge. I thank these publishers for permission to include this material here. My greatest debt is to my wife, Maureena, and my children, William and Jack, who encouraged and supported this work and accepted the long absences that came with it. This book is dedicated to them. Even when they could not see me at work, thoughts of them were never far away and kept me going. As this phase comes to an end, I remain just as stunned as Jack, who recently and quite loudly asked, “Dad, you’re an author?!” ...