Revolutionary Emancipation: Slavery and Abolitionism in the British West Indies

NOTES

203 NOTES Preface 1. C. L. R. James, The Black Jacobins: Toussaint L’Ouverture and the San Domingo Revolution , rev. ed. (1938; New York: Random House, 1963); for precursors to Williams, see William Darity Jr., “Eric Williams and Slavery: A West Indian Viewpoint?” Callaloo 20, no. 4 (1997), hp://muse.jhu.edu/journals/callaloo/v020/20.4darity.html. 2. See, e.g., Robert Isaac Wilberforce and Samuel Wilberforce, The Life and Times of William Wilberforce (London, 1838); George Stephen, Anti-Slavery Recollections: In a Series of Le
ers Addressed to Mrs. Beecher Stowe, 2d ed. (1854; London: Frank Cass, 1971). 3. Frank Joseph Klingberg, The Anti-Slavery Movement in England: A Study in English Humanitarianism (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1926); Reginald Coupland, The British Anti-Slavery Movement (London: Frank Cass, 1964). 4. Eric Williams, Capitalism and Slavery (London: Andre Deutsch, 1964), 208. 5. Richard Hart, Slaves Who Abolished Slavery: Blacks in Rebellion (1985; Kingston, Jamaica: University of the West Indies Press, 2002), i–iv; an earlier published work on the subject is Richard Hart, Black Jamaicans’ Struggle against Slavery (Kingston: Institute of Jamaica, 1977). 6. Gelien Mahews, Caribbean Slave Revolts and the British Abolitionist Movement (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2006). 7. Claudius K. Fergus, “British Imperial Trusteeship: The Reconstruction of British Colonialism with Special Reference to Trinidad, 1783–1838” (Ph.D. diss., University of the West Indies, 1996). 8. Cited in Moira Ferguson, ed., The History of Mary Prince: A West Indian Slave (Related by Herself) (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1997), 17–18. For the relevance of Hegel to plantation slavery, see Orlando Paerson, Slavery and Social Death: A Comparative Study (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982), 228–40. 9. Williams includes the African struggle for land ownership and the right to organize labor unions, among other economic struggles, in his conceptualization of Diaspora revolution (The Negro in the Caribbean [1942; New York: A&B Books, 1994], 83–84). 10. Roger Anstey, The Atlantic Slave Trade and British Abolition, 1760–1810 (London: Macmillan , 1975), 387. 11. David Brion Davis, “Impact of the French and Haitian Revolutions,” in The Impact of the Haitian Revolution in the Atlantic World, ed. David P. Geggus (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2001), 6. 204 notes to pages xi–3 12. Seymour Drescher, “The Limits of Example,” in The Impact of the Haitian Revolution in the Atlantic World, ed. David P. Geggus (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2001), 10–11. 13. Seymour Drescher, “Civilizing Insurgency: Two Variants of Slave Revolts in the Age of Revolution,” in Who Abolished Slavery? Slave Revolts and Abolitionism: A Debate with João Pedro Marques, ed. Seymour Drescher and Pieter C. Emmer (New York: Berghahn Books, 2010), 122. 14. James, Black Jacobins, 132–33; Williams, Capitalism and Slavery, 147; Eric Williams, From Columbus to Castro: The History of the Caribbean, 1492–1969 (London: Andre Deutsch, 1983); also see Robin Blackburn, The Overthrow of Colonial Slavery, 1776–1848 (London: Verso, 1988), 204. 1. Explicating the “Grand Evils” of Colonialism 1. Charles James Fox, qtd. in Anstey, Atlantic Slave Trade, 381. Rodney justifiably contends that historical correctness requires that the Atlantic slave trade be termed the “European slave trade,” consistent with the contemporary Arab slave trade in the Indian Ocean (Walter Rodney, How Europe Underdeveloped Africa [London: Bogle L’Ouverture, 1973], 23–46). 2. Clarkson, cited in Richard Sheridan, “Slave Demography in the British West Indies and the Abolition of the Atlantic Slave Trade,” in The Abolition of the Atlantic Slave Trade: Origins and Effects in Europe, Africa and the Americas, ed. David Eltis and James Walvin (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1981), 265; Edmund Burke, in Abolition of the Slave Trade—Motion For in the House of Commons, 12th May 1789 (London, 1789), 16–17. 3. Anstey, Atlantic Slave Trade, 202–7. 4. Henry Brougham, An Inquiry into the Colonial Policy of the European Powers (1803; New York: Kelly, 1930), 1:468. 5. Evidence of Ninian Jefferys, master in the Royal Navy, in House of Commons Sessional Papers of the Eighteenth Century, ed. Sheila Lambert (Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources, 1975), 73:233 (herea$er cited as Sessional Papers). 6. Evidence of Barbados-born Rev. Robert Nicholls, Sessional Papers, 73:346. 7. Nicholls, Sessional Papers, 73:346. 8. Peter Fryer, Staying Power: The History of Black People in Britain (London: Pluto Press, 1984), 108. 9. Fryer lists twenty-four members in the Sons of Africa; see Staying Power, 108. 10. Olaudah Equiano, The Life...