147 Index Addison, Joseph: The Tatler, and comments on French cuisine, 100–101 Albala, Ken: on national cuisines, 101 Amat household: color scheme, 70 Amat, Jean, 70 Andrews, John: critique of French vanity and possessions, 49; French and English notions of comfort, 87 anoblis, 22, 25–26, 117. See also nobility aristocrats, English, 4 armorials, 111–12 Auslander, Leora: on role of the state in design , 12–13, 17, 36 Auvergne (Aubusson) taspestry. See tapestries Barbon, Nicolas: argument in favor of luxury consumption, 31 batterie de cuisine, 95–96 Beauxhostes d’Agel, Marie de, 50 beds: descriptions of (figures 2.4 and 2.5), 39–45; folding, 17, textiles used on, 44 Berg, Maxine: on novelty and fashion, 85 Bergamo tapestry. See tapestries Berry, Christopher: on demoralization of luxury, 31 Besset, François, 70–71; color schemes, 70–71 Bonnefons, Nicolas de: Les Délices de la campagne and Le Jardinier françois, 94 Bordeaux, 20, 81 bosse, and the lit de repos, 77 Bosse, Abraham: genre scenes, 18; engravings of beds, 42; engravings of lit de repos, 77 Bourdieu, Pierre: cultural competence, 28 bourgeois: families, 10; elite and tax burden in Dauphiné, 22; similarity to recently ennobled, 22 Breen, T. H.: standardization of the marketplace , 28: marketplace and identity in American colonies, 117 cabinets: evolution of, 39 cabinets, 79 canapé: colors of, 70; popularity of, 77. See also sofa cartouche, 52, 116 Castiglione, 10 Catherine de Medici, 93 center and periphery, 4, 115–16 chairs: folding, 17–18; covers and upholstery , 61; and seriality, 71; fauteuils, 74; fauteuil de commodité and fauteuil de commodit é à cremaillère, 76; dining, 113. See also commodité Chalvet, Benoît, 81 Chalvet household: chaise de commodité, 81 Chambre bleue, 57 Charency, Abel de, 69 Charency household: color scheme, 69 chefs: French-trained, 4; and international influence, 100 148 Index civility, 3, 12 class: class-based analysis 3; divisions of, 7; conflict, 8; distinctions and markers of, 14 clocks, 2 (figure 2.6), 44, 46 clothing, 14 Colbert: mercantilist policies of, 12; and luxury, 32; and art collection, 33; and botanical collection, 35 Collins, James, on order and class, 3 color: schemes, 2; as primary decorative feature, 57–58; shift from dark to light schemes, 57; muse, aurore, feuillemorte, citron, minime, incarnat, incarnadin, feu, cramoisy, ponceau, isabelle, 58; changes in nomenclature, 59; fashionable schemes under Louis XIV, 59; greater cultural awareness of, 59; alternative schemes, 66; differences between hôtel and château, 67–68. See also regularité comfort: as luxury 3, 75; and convenience, 74; and upholstery, 77; and privacy, 77; between luxury and necessity, 85; and Old Luxury and New Luxury, 86; contrast between England and France, 86– 87; English misunderstanding of French ideas, 89–90. See also commodité commodité: and social distinction, 14; as combination of comfort and convenience , 74; critics of, 76; and pupitres, 76; and utility, 76; emblems of, 75–76; and chaise de, 75–76; and daybeds, 77; and sofas (Figure 4.1), 77–78; and privacy , 77–78; and lighting, 81–82; and the gueridon, 82; and mirrors, 82–83; See also comfort commodité by households: Mérindol, 79; Vincent, 79–80, 83; Franquières, 80, 83; Miard, 80; Garcin-La Mercière, 80–81; Gleynat, 83–84 connoisseurship, 2, 26 consumer, choices, 16 consumerism, 1, 13 consumption: and fashion, 5; in Dauphiné, 27; and distinction, 26–27 cookbooks: and taste, 11; and changing food preparation, 91, 93–94; in Ponnat inventory , 98; in Vincent inventory, 98; rarities in inventories, 98. See also Bonnefons, Nicolas de; La Varenne; L.S.R.; Massialot ; Pierre de Lune cooking: new style of, 3, 11, 93–94; medieval , 92; See also cuisine, French cooks: in eighteenth-century Paris, 99; literacy of, 99 cookware: copper, 95–97 Coquery, Natasha: on aristocrats and luxury, 16 couche or couchette, 77 country residence: English ideology of, 88 court: society of, 11; aristocracy of, 16. See also Versailles Courtin, Antoine de: Nouveau traite de la civilite, 106, 108 Croix, Anne de la, 66 Croix household: color scheme, 66 Crowley, John: and evolution of ideas of comfort, 75; on chairs, 76; on cultural value of lighting, 81 crown: 1602 decision, 22. See also Louis XIII; Louis XIV cuisine, French: as conspicuous consumption , 94; new style of, 93–94; British critics of, 100; impetus from Paris, 100; impact in Britain, 100; elite origins and international popularity of, 101 culture, elite: internationalization of, 4 cushions, 17 damask, 108 Dauphiné: institutional history, 2, 20–21; location on periphery, 4; nobility 4...