Reforging the White Republic: Race, Religion, and American Nationalism, 1865–1898

Notes

Notes introduction 1. Quoted in Eric Foner, Reconstruction: America’s Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877 (New York: Harper and Row, Publishers, 1988), 26–7. 2. Philip Dray, At the Hands of Persons Unknown: The Lynching of Black America (New York: Modern Library, 2003), 190–215; Michael Paul Rogin, Ronald Reagan, the Movie, and Other Episodes in Political Demonology (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1987), 190–235; Lary May, Screening out the Past: The Birth of Mass Culture and the Motion Picture Industry (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1980), 19–67; D. W. Griffith, producer and director, The Birth of a Nation (film) (1915; Los Angeles: Republic Pictures Home Video, 1991). 3. W. E. B. Du Bois, Black Reconstruction in America (1935; reprint, New York: Atheneum Books, 1992), 707. 4. Throughout this study, I refer to the wars between the United States and the Spanish, Cubans, and Filipinos beginning 1898 as the “War of 1898.” Other names, such as “Spanish-American War” and the “Spanish-American-Cuban-Filipino War,” are either nationally biased or overly cumbersome. For a discussion of what to call these wars, see Thomas G. Patterson, “United States Intervention in Cuba, 1898: Interpretations of the Spanish-American-Cuban-Filipino War,” The History Teacher 29, no. 3 (May 1996): 341–61. 5. Reginald Horsman, Race and Manifest Destiny: The Origins of American Racial Anglo-Saxonism (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1981), 22; Martin Marty, Righteous Empire: The Protestant Experience in America (New York: Dial Press, 1970); Ernest Lee Tuveson, Redeemer Nation: The Idea of America’s Millennial Role (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1968); David R. Roediger, The Wages of Whiteness: Race and the Making of the American Working Class (London: Verso, 1991); Noel Ignatiev, How the Irish Became White (New York: Routledge, 1995); Alexander Saxton, The Rise and Fall of the White Republic: Class Politics and Mass Culture in Nineteenth-Century America (London: Verso, 1990); Matthew Frye Jacobson, Whiteness of a Different Color: European Immigrants and the Alchemy of Race (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1998); Leon F. Litwack, North of Slavery: The Negro in the Free States, 1790–1860 (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1961); Joanne Pope Melish, Disowning Slavery : Gradual Emancipation and “Race” in New England, 1780–1860 (Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press, 1998). 6. Palmer, quoted in Stephen R. Haynes, Noah’s Curse: The Biblical Justification of American Slavery (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2002), 131; James M. McPherson, Is Blood Thicker Than Water? Crises of Nationalism in the Modern World (New York: Vintage Books, 1998), 55; William Robert Taylor, Cavalier and Yankee: The Old South and American National Character (1961; reprint, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1979); Susan-Mary Grant, North Over South: Northern Nationalism and American Identity in the Antebellum Era (Lawrence: Univ. Press of Kansas, 2000); Chester F. Dunham, The Attitude of Northern Clergy toward the South (Toledo, Ohio: Gray, 1942); Randall C. Jimerson, The Private 252 / notes to pages 5–8 Civil War: Popular Thought during the Sectional Conflict (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Univ. Press, 1988), 124; Drew Gilpin Faust, The Creation of Confederate Nationalism: Ideology and Identity in the Civil War South (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Univ. Press, 1988). 7. Faust, The Creation of Confederate Nationalism, 30–58; James H. Moorhead, American Apocalypse : Yankee Protestants and the Civil War, 1860–1869 (New Haven, Conn.: Yale Univ. Press, 1978); Peter J. Parish, “From Necessary Evil to National Blessing: The Northern Protestant Clergy Interpret the Civil War,” in An Uncommon Time: The Civil War and the Northern Home Front, edited by Paul A. Cimbala and Randall M. Miller (New York: Fordham Univ. Press, 2002), 61–89; Phillip P. Paludan, “Religion and the American Civil War,” in Randall M. Miller, Harry S. Stout, and Charles Reagan Wilson , eds., Religion and the American Civil War (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1998), 21–42. 8. James M. McPherson, The Struggle for Equality: Abolitionists and the Negro in the Civil War and Reconstruction (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press, 1964); Bruce Levine, Half Slave and Half Free: The Roots of Civil War (New York: Hill and Wang, 1992); Foner, Reconstruction, 24–8; Don E. Fehrenbacher , “Only his Stepchildren: Lincoln and the Negro,” in A Nation Divided: Problems and Issues of the Civil War and Reconstruction, edited by George M. Fredrickson (Minneapolis: Burgess Publishing Company, 1975), 35–56. 9. Quoted in R. J. M. Blackett, Beating Against the Barriers: The Lives of Six Nineteenth-Century Afro-Americans (Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press, 1986), 192. 10. Roediger...