American Narratives: Multiethnic Writing in the Age of Realism

Notes

Notes Chapter . Diversity in the Age of Realism . Howells praised the early work of both writers. See “Mr. CWC’s Stories,” Atlantic Monthly 85 (900): 699–70, and “New York Low Life in Fiction,” New York World 26 (896): 8. 2. Fred Lewis Pattee, A History of American Literature since 870 (New York: Century , 95), 8. 3. Vernon Lewis Parrington, The Beginnings of Critical Realism in America, 860– 920, vol. 3 of Main Currents in American Thought (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 930), 68. 4. For a comprehensive account of the critical evaluation of American realism, see Donald Pizer, ed., Documents of American Realism and Naturalism (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 998). 5. Warner Berthoff, The Ferment of Realism: American Literature, 884–99 (New York: Free Press, 965), 3. 6. Donald Pizer, Realism and Naturalism in Nineteenth-Century American Literature, rev. ed. (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 984), 8. 7. Amy Kaplan, The Social Construction of American Realism (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 988), 0. 8. Ibid., 2. 9. Tom Quirk and Gary Scharnhorst, eds., American Realism and the Canon (Newark : University of Delaware Press, 994), 9. 0. Hopefully, the recent republication of Griggs’s first novel will serve to incorporate him into the study of American letters. See Sutton E. Griggs, Imperium in Imperio (New York: Modern Library, 2003). . Paula E. Hyman, Gender and Assimilation in Modern Jewish History: The Roles and Representation of Women (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 995), 3. 2. Sidonie Smith, “Cheesecakes, Nymphs, and ‘We the People’: Un/National Subjects about 900,” Prose Studies: History, Theory, Criticism 7, no.  (994): 2. 7 3. W. E. B. Du Bois, The Souls of Black Folk (903; reprint, New York: Dover, 994), 3. 4. Marlon K. Hom, ed., Songs of Gold Mountain: Cantonese Rhymes from San Francisco Chinatown (Berkeley: University of California Press, 987). This collection is made up of poems translated from Chinese, which were originally published as Jinshan ge ji (San Francisco: Tai Quong, 9) and Jinshan ge erji (San Francisco: Tai Quong, 95). 5. Paula Gunn Allen, The Sacred Hoop: Recovering the Feminine in American Indian Traditions (Boston: Beacon Press, 99), 4. 6. Ibid. 7. Jules Chametzky, John Felstiner, Hilene Flanzbaum, and Kathryn Hellerstien, introduction to Jewish American Literature, ed. Jules Chametzky, John Felstiner, Hilene Flanzbaum, and Kathryn Hellerstien (New York: W. W. Norton, 200), . 8. See Ruth R. Wisse, The Modern Jewish Canon: A Journey through Language and Culture (New York: Free Press, 2000). 9. Elizabeth Ammons, “Men of Color, Women, and Uppity Art at the Turn of the Century,” in American Realism and the Canon, ed. Tom Quirk and Gary Scharnhorst (Newark: University of Delaware Press, 994), 24. 20. James Nagel, introduction to The Portable American Realism Reader, ed. James Nagel and Tom Quirk (New York: Penguin, 997), xx–xxi. 2. Mary Antin, The Promised Land (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 92), 48–49. 22. John T. Flynn, “The Muckrakers,” in John D. Rockefeller: Robber Baron or Industrial Statesman? (Boston: D. C. Heath, 949), . 23. Nagel, Portable American Realism Reader, xxv. 24. Anthroposophy is a spiritual movement that was founded in the early twentieth century by Rudolph Steiner. It entails using the mind, not faith, to get in touch with the spiritual world. The word comes from the combination of “anthropos” (humanity) and “sophia” (wisdom). 25. Evelyn Salz, “Illness and Gould Farm: 97–939,” in Mary Antin, Selected Letters of Mary Antin, ed. Evelyn Salz (Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 2000), 88. 26. Dexter Fisher, foreword to Zitkala-Ša, American Indian Stories (92; reprint, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 985), x. 27. This opera, along with previously unpublished stories and poems, can be found in Zitkala-Ša, Dreams and Thunder, ed. P. Jane Hafen (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 200). 28. Fisher, foreword to Zitkala-Ša, American Indian Stories, xv. 29. Carol J. Batker, Reforming Fictions: Native, African, and Jewish American Women’s Literature and Journalism in the Progressive Era (New York: Columbia University Press, 2000), 24. 30. Randolph Meade Walker, The Metamorphosis of Sutton E. Griggs: The Transition from Black Radical to Conservative, 93–933 (Memphis: Walker, 99), 26. 3. Ibid., 6. 32. Ibid., 29–30. 72 Notes to Pages 9–25 33. Annette White-Parks, Sui Sin Far/Edith Maude Eaton: A Literary Biography (Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 995), 26. According to White-Parks, the newspaper articles have yet to be located. 34...