When Freedom Would Triumph: The Civil Rights Struggle in Congress, 1954–1968

Title Page, Copyright Page, Dedication

WHEN FREEDOM WOULD TRIUMPH ROBERT MANN WHEN FREEDOM WOULD TRIUMPH LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY PRESS BATON ROUGE THE CIVIL RIGHTS STRUGGLE IN CONGRESS, 1954–1968 Published by Louisiana State University Press Copyright ©  by Robert Mann All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America An LSU Press Paperback Original First printing This is an abridged and revised edition of The Walls of Jericho: Lyndon Johnson, Hubert Humphrey, Richard Russell, and the Struggle for Civil Rights, published in . Designer: Michelle A. Neustrom Typeface: Whitman Typesetter: Newgen Printer and binder: Edwards Brothers, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mann, Robert, – When freedom would triumph : the civil rights struggle in Congress, – / Robert Mann. p. cm. “An LSU Press paperback original”—T.p. verso. “Abridged and revised editon of The walls of Jericho: Lyndon Johnson, Hubert Humphrey, Richard Russell, and the struggle for civil rights, published in ”—T.p. verso. Includes bibliographical references and index. -: ---- (pbk. : alk. paper) . Civil rights movements—United States—History—th century. . African Americans—Civil rights—History—th century. . Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), –. . Humphrey, Hubert H. (Hubert Horatio), –. . Russell, Richard B. (Richard Brevard), –. . Legislators—United States—Biography. . United States. Congress. Senate— Biography. . United States—Race relations—Political aspects—History—th century. . Mann, Robert, – Walls of Jericho. . Title. ..  .—dc  The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. ⬁ 䊊 In memory of Clyde Taylor This page intentionally left blank Before the Civil War, days were dark, And nobody knew for sure When freedom would triumph “Or if it would,” thought some. But others knew it had to triumph. In those dark days of slavery, Guarding in their hearts the seed of freedom, The slaves made up a song: Keep Your Hand On The Plow! Hold On! That song meant just what it said: Hold On! Freedom will come! —From “Freedom’s Plow,” by Langston Hughes This page intentionally left blank ...