Boarding School Blues: Revisiting American Indian Educational Experiences

Index

T Index Aberdeen, Scotland, 189 Aboriginals, 202–10, 214, 218–21 Aborigines Protection Board, 204, 206, 214, 222 abuse, 21, 66, 240 academics, 25–26, 49, 77–78, 86, 163, 174, 176, 209, 232, 236, 237 Acjachemen, 164 Acoma Pueblo, 217 Adams, Alicia, 219 Adams, David Wallace, 27, 35, 66, 141, 196, 204–5 Afraid of Hawk, Bert, 145 Agua Caliente Indian Reservation, 159 Aguilar, Agnes, 181 Ahern, Wilbert, 196 Alabama, 194 Albuquerque Indian School, 49, 198 alcohol, 39–40, 134, 135, 150, 163, 232, 234–35, 240 alcoholism, 39–40, 235 Aleuts, 7 Alford, Thomas Wildcat, 38, 46 Alger, Horatio, 112, 183 Algonquian dialect, 7 Allen, Dorothy, 60 alumni, 235 American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (Congregational and Presbyterian), 193 American culture, 100 American identity, 106 American Indian Children at School, 1850– 1930, 4 “Americanization,” 15 Anadarko, Oklahoma, 69, 76, 86–87 Anglicans, 7 Anglo-American values, 78 Apache dancers, xiii Apaches, 114, 212–13 Arapahos, 55 Archuleta, Margaret L., 16 Armstrong, Samuel Chapman, 14 Army Magazine, 128 assimilation, 1, 3, 7, 12–13, 15, 17, 36, 66, 67–68, 124, 150, 168, 176, 188, 202–5, 214, 221, 225 athletics, 35, 49, 133–34, 141–44, 149 Aunt Susie, 118 Australia, 202–6, 209, 211, 213–18, 221, 225 Away from Home: American Indian Boarding School Experiences, 1879–2000, 17 Axtell, James, 9 Bacone Indian School, 235 Bahr, Diana Meyers, 20 Banning Pass, 160 Banning, California, 23, 155, 157 Bantams, Nemo, 142 Baptists, 125, 191, 195 baseball, 27, 85, 92, 133 basketball, 85, 133, 139, 142–44, 149, 237 Battey, Thomas, 210 Battlefield and Classroom, 14 Battle of the Little Big Horn, 123 Battle of Waterloo, 190 Behrens, Henry, 143 Belle Fourche High School, 142 Benitez, Joe Mike, 28, 161, 169, 189 >C9:M  Benjamin, Asa, 217 Bentham, Jeremy, 108–11 Bernalillo, 158 Betzinez, Jason, 212–13 Bigman, Annie, 69, 73, 81 Bigman, Fred, 74, 81, 83, 92 Big Tree, 71–72 Bishoff, R. W., 76 Bismarck Indian School, 144–45, 150 Black Fox, Julia, 145 Bloom, John E., 27, 77 Bloomfield Academy for Chickasaw Females, 193 blues, 27–29 Blue Springs, Kentucky, 192–93 Boake’s Trading Post, 74, 78 Boarding School Blues: Revisiting the American Indian Boarding School Experience, xiii, 29 boarding schools: Christianization of Native people as purpose of, 6–10, 13–14, 28, 36, 72, 77, 79, 101, 150, 155–57, 159, 164, 171, 218; civilization of Native people as purpose of, 6–10, 12–14, 18, 26–27, 36, 41, 72, 100–101, 106, 112, 115–16, 125, 129, 156, 175, 182, 207–8, 225; closure of, 90; creation of, 3–4, 6, 8, 10–11; death and disease of children in, 16–18, 20–21, 80, 113, 125–27, 221–23; as escape from poor social and economic conditions at home, 38–41, 137–38; positive aspects to boarding schools, 36–38, 45, 53–54, 68, 83–88, 91, 139, 234–36; reaction of families to students returning from, 16; and running away, 76, 115, 132, 219, 233; social relationships formed at, 56, 78, 83, 139. See also specific schools Boarding School Seasons: American Indian Families, 1900–1940, 17, 19–20, 40 Bomaderry, 219 Bonnin, Gertrude, 197 bootlegging, 137 Boy’s Battalion, 139–40 boys and girls: contact between, 51–53, 73–74, 106–7, 113, 168–69 Braveheart, 198 Broken Rope, Godfrey, 141 Brownbear, Henry, 71 Buddy, Bishop Charles F., 162 Buffalo Horn, Ed, 115 Bull, William T., 55 Bull, Mrs. William T., 54–55 Bulow, W. H., 144 Buludga, 208 Bureau for Catholic Indian Missions (bcim), 157–58 Bureau of Indian Affairs (bia) 22, 89, 132, 137, 141, 146, 148–49, 188, 237, 176, 179. See also Office of Indian Affairs Burgess, Marianna, 103–4, 114, 116–19 Burgoyne, Iris, 202–3 Burney Academy, 194 Cabazon Indian Reservation, 159 Caddos, 210 Cahuillas, 164 Calac, Pete, 49–50 California Paiute: Living in Two Worlds, 20 Calvinists, 7 camps, 207, 219 Canada, 188, 196 Carey, Nellie, 114 Carlisle, Pennsylvania, 101, 123–24, 132, 175, 181, 212 Carlisle Barracks, 107, 123, 125, 128–29 Carlisle Indian Industrial School, 2, 13, 15, 17, 43–44, 46–47, 49–50, 54, 60, 65, 88, 100– 119, 123–26, 128–29, 131–32, 141, 175, 198, 205, 210–12, 216–17, 222; alumni, 111; children’s deaths at, 113; children’s resistance, 115; dormitories, 107; founding of, 99, 107; military training and, 101, 114; physical description of, 107; punishments at, 107...