A Totem Pole History: The Work of Lummi Carver Joe Hillaire

Index

273 Index Page numbers in italic indicate illustrations. abandoned villages, totem poles from, 97 academic studies of indigenous cultures, xxxiii–xxxiv acceptance, Pauline Hillaire on, lvii acrylic paints, 91 air (as elemental), 127–29; wind as carver, 129 Aleut-style chief ’s hat, 79 Alexander, Morrie, xxxii, 63–64, 64, 78 allottment, 12, 45; General Allotment Act (Dawes Act), 30 alone, going (Legend of Tsats-munton ), 244–45 ancestors: Coast Salish carving and, 127– 30, 131–32; wealth and supernatural powers traced to, 46, 51–52 Anderson, Charles, 17–18 Anderson, Louise, 17–18 archetypes, 105, 110–15, 117 Archibald, Jo-ann, 108–9 art: and identity, 71, 73; Northwest objects not originally called art, 71; sacred versus public, xxv–xxvi, 7, 52–53, 63, 73, 74–75, 118–19 authenticity, and European American assumptions, xxxiii–xxxiv baby, story of, lv–lvi Bahá’í faith, 27, 36n2 Bartlett, John, 51 bear: on Bronson story pole; drawing of bear by Pauline Hillaire, 8, 185–89; on Man in Transition story pole, 177–79; totem, 23 Bear Dancer, on Centennial history pole, 138, 139 “the Beast Within” on Centennial pole, 144 Bellingham Centennial history pole, 136; carving of, 139; dedication of, 138; figures on, 43; narrative of, 71, 137–45; paint used on, 91, 92; and relations between Natives and nonNatives , xxxv; restoration of, 81–82, 98–100 Bellingham Vocational and Technical School, 20 bentwood chief ’s hat, 79 berries, 214 berry picker, 236 bia (Bureau of Indian Affairs) 31, 49, 144 Bill, Joseph, 11 Bishop, R. O., 121–22 black pigments, 85 blue pigments, 86, 87, 90 Boas, Franz, xxxiv Bow and Arrow Victory Club, 31 Boy Scouts, xlviii, 19–20, 58–59, 181–84 Bringhurst, Robert, 104 274 Index broken feather of the chief, 12–14 Bronson story pole, 185–90 brushes (paintbrushes), 86, 88 Buchanan, Charles (Indian agent), 47–48 Buddha, 111 Bulrushes, on Schelangen pole, 148 Bureau of Indian Affairs. See bia (Bereau of Indian Affairs) Cagey, Sam, 77 Call to Carvers, xix–xxi Campbell, Joseph, 110, 112 canoes: Canoe Journey, 69; carved by Joe Hillaire, 205, 206, 208; carving, 205; dugout, 210; Felix Solomon carving, 207; for gathering food, 214; ocean-going, 69; reefnet, 209; shovelnose, 65, 69–70, 207; and Stommish Water Festival, 254–55, 255; uses of, 54, 209 Capoeman, Lena, 18, 19, 27, 35 carvers, defined, 7 carving: apprenticeships in, xxxii; of canoes, 205; Felix Solomon and, 68, 71, 72, 73–74; historical connections in, 82; as journey, 130–31; learning, from past carvers, 80–81; legacy of Lummi, 62–66; lessons and power of, 81; in Lummi culture and art, xxxii; Pauline Hillaire on, xix–xxi; and reading totem poles, 6–7; Scott Jensen and 76–78; Straits Salish, 41–43, 49–53; teachings from, 73–74, 81; tools for, xxix, liii, 2, 22, 54, 76–77, 80; trees and, 3–6; watching, 3. See also Coast Salish art and carving Cassirer, Ernst, 104–5 cattails, on Centennial pole, 143, 144 cedar trees: as building material, xxxiv– xxxv, liii; felling, 211; Joe Hillaire’s love for, 3–4; poem written in tribute to, xlviii–xlix; selecting, 6–7; significance of, 118–19; thanking, 6–7; uses of, xxxiv–xxxv, 3, 41. See also tools celadonite, 86–87, 88 Charles, Al, xxxii, 53, 63–64, 78 Charles, Julius, 203 Chief Kitsap totem pole, 34 chieqen, 52, 120 children of Pauline Hillaire, xlvi, lxn9 Children of the Setting Sun Dancers. See Setting Sun Dancers Chirouse, Casimir, 47 Chowitsut (Lummi chief), xxx, 51, 71, 137, 230, 233–34, 236–39, 241 Chowitsut house post, 40, 42, 51–52 Chuckanut Bay, 204 Chulh tse X-epy, 137, 145 cinnabar, 89–90 clam digger, 236 clams, in “The Mink Family and the Raccoon Family,” 252–53 club, of Skalaxt, 225–28 Coal Point, 204 Coast Salish (language), 14–15, 32, 41. See also Lummi language; Straits Salish languages Coast Salish art and carving: ancient aspect of, 127–30; beauty of, 132–33; color in, 85; house posts in, 71–72; identity and, 71, 72; importance of, 133–34; learning, 68, 74, 81; as medium of stories, 115–19, 123; monumental sculpture in, 49–53; preservation of, 74–75; profound nature of, 130–32; restoration and, 72–73; shovelnose canoes in, 69–70; significance of, 125–27; style of, 69, 70–71, 99–100; teachings from, 73–74; totem poles in, Index 275 xxx–xxxi, 42, 49–51...