Run to Glory and Profits: The Economic Rise of the NFL during the 1950s

Index

409 INDEX Adams, Chet, 19, 20 Adams, John, 220 Adams, K. S. (“Bud”), 50, 52, 355n60, 356n74. See also Houston Oilers Adams, Val, 248 admission taxes, 70, 81, 127, 370n22. See also revenue African American players, 109, 182, 224; and Canadian football, 40; and integration, 4, 155, 180, 280–82, 284–93, 401n45; intimidation of, 287; and the Pacific Coast Football League, 133; as percentage of nfl players, 290; and salaries, 281, 287; and specialized positions, 287–88. See also integration All-America Conference. See AllAmerica Football Conference (aafc) All-America Football Conference (aafc), 3, 11–12, 14, 28, 31; and attendance, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 60, 61, 62–63, 79–80, 83, 106, 145, 320, 338; and competitive balance, 26, 145–46, 147, 148, 158, 168, 321; conciliation efforts of the, with the nfl, 26–31; debut game of the, 22; and the draft, 18–19, 26, 155, 183, 348n60; and exhibition games, 15–16; formation of the, 1, 13–15, 20–21; and franchise sales, 104; and franchise values, 15; and gate sharing, 194, 201; and integration, 155, 286, 287, 288, 289, 342; merger of, with the nfl, 31–38, 63, 135, 155, 159, 165–66, 296–97; and number of plays per game, 257; and owners’ wealth, 13, 20–21; and profitability, 22–23, 78, 79, 83, 306; and publicity, 21; and quality of play, 13, 16, 23, 34, 37, 344n6; and “raiding” of players, 16–18, 19, 24, 25; and salaries, 17–18, 36–37, 91, 93, 94–95, 209, 287; and scheduling, 15, 21–22, 164; and stadium leases, 13, 14, 21–22, 29, 347n51, 359n2. See also National Football League (nfl) Allard, Don, 183–84 Ameche, Alan, 13, 158, 187 Ameche, Don, 13 American Association, 134, 135. See also minor leagues, football American Broadcasting Company (abc), 238, 242; and the afl, 54–55, 244, 249, 252, 356n71, 390n36, 392n62. See also television 410 Index American Football Conference, 56, 201. See also American Football League (afl); National Football League (nfl) American Football League (afl), 3, 69, 77, 89, 193, 258, 299–300; and antitrust lawsuit, 49, 53–54, 131–32; and attendance, 55–56, 69; debut season of the, 55; and the draft, 49–51; formation of the, 45–47, 48, 49–50, 115, 117, 131–32; and gate sharing, 55; and innovations, 263, 264; merger of, with the nfl, 56; and player raiding, 52; and publicity, 244; and salaries, 50, 98–99; and scheduling, 47; and season length, 119; and stadium leases, 46–47, 55, 75; and television, 5, 54–55, 56, 244, 248–49, 252, 253–54, 356n71, 390n36, 392nn61– 62. See also National Football League (nfl) American League, 11 Anderson, Edwin J., 269–70 Anderton, Piers, 185 antitrust issues, 4, 120, 213, 371n53; and the afl lawsuit, 49, 53–54, 131–32; and baseball, 121, 122, 127, 128, 137, 370n32; and commissioner duties, 122, 124–25, 128–29; and draft, 120, 122–23, 128–29, 132–33, 169, 175–78; and profitability, 81, 87, 121; and the reserve clause, 120, 122, 126–27, 128–30, 131, 132–33, 214, 222, 369n5; and television, 81, 120, 124, 125–26, 131, 136–42, 235, 239–42, 244, 246, 248–52, 371n58; territorial rights, 3, 120, 122, 123–24, 128. See also Congressional hearings; players’ rights Arledge, Roone, 244, 388n6 Armstrong, Neill, 39, 40 Artoe, Lee, 18 Association of Professional Football Leagues, 134. See also minor leagues, football Atchison, Lewis F., 172 Atkins, Doug, 159 attendance, 31, 53, 85, 304–5, 329, 337, 351n115; and the aafc, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 60, 61, 62–63, 79–80, 83, 106, 145, 320, 338; and the afl, 55–56, 69; in the American Conference, 201; and baseball, 58, 59, 60, 61, 64, 195, 198, 256, 328, 334; calculating, 58, 59–60, 356n1; and championship games, 11, 23, 61, 66–67, 79, 98, 318; and college football, 64–65, 236, 263, 357n19; and competitive balance, 61–62, 145, 189, 191–92, 200; declines in, 58, 61–64, 119, 229; and gate receipts, 58, 71, 77–78, 150, 310; and gate sharing, 189–90, 191–92, 200–201; increases in, 58, 60–61, 65–68, 69, 71, 77, 80; and integration, 289, 290, 400n22; in the National Conference, 201; and the Pro Bowl, 65, 357n20; and profitability, 63, 77–78, 80, 83, 361n34; and revenue sharing, 167, 195, 203, 335; and rivalries, 62, 68, 78, 162; and scheduling, 165; and stadium capacity, 67...