A Reference Grammar of Kotiria (Wanano)

Appendix 2: Vocabulary

Appendix 2: Vocabulary The Kotiria-English and English-Kotiria vocabulary lists in this appendix are based on the words in the examples and texts in this grammar. They include noun, verb, and particle roots (including roots that only occur as noninitial serialized elements), as well as noun classifiers, pronominal forms, and some common expressions. Morphemes that occur in noninitial position only, or that have alternate semantics in this position , are indicated by a preceding dash. A list of grammatical markers with their properties and functions follows the vocabulary list. The following abbreviations for parts of speech are used: n noun cls noun classifier vi intransitive verb vt transitive verb exp expression pro pronoun (personal or possessive) part particle root Morphemes are given in their underlying forms in the following alphabetical order. a ~a b ~b[m] ch[‫]ݹ‬ ~ch d ~d[n] e ~e h ~h k ~k kh ~kh o ~o p ~p ph ~ph r ~r[rѺ] s ~s t ~t th ~th u ~u ҁ ~ҁ w ~w y ~y[݄] (Notice that this means that all [+nasal] roots that begin with a given segment follow all [ínasal] roots that begin with the same segment; thus, ~da follows duti and du’tu.) Glottalization (marked by ’) is ignored in alphabetization. Tonal melodies are indicated for root morphemes (L = low tone, H = high tone); morphemes with clitic status are indicated as L, and morphemes that occur exclusively in noninitial position and are thus always subject to tonal spread from the initial root are listed without a tone melody. Tones in parentheses are revealed only when CV roots undergo lengthening in their citation forms. Kotiria-English -a, -ka (cls) classifier for round objects (§4.3.3) ahiLHL (vt) (be) concerned, worry 458 Appendix 2 a’riLH (part) this (proximal demonstrative, §4.5.2, §6.2) ~aL= (exp) so, then ~agaLH (n) snake (poisonous) baHL (vi) decompose ba(L)H (vi) swim ba’aLH (n) bass ba’aLH (vi) (be) close by (in space); after (in time) bahuLHL (vi) (be) visible, appear bakaLH (vt) bite ba’oLH (n) sister (younger) basaLHL (vi) sing, dance batoLHL (vi) (be) last (spatial reference) ba’ҁLH (n) brother (younger) beH (vt) inject, plant biaLH (n) pepper bi’aLHL (vt) close biatoLH (n) pepper and fish stew bi’iLH (n) rat bi’saLHL (vi) (be) narrow bo(L)H (vt) forget, lose -bo’e (vi) pray bokaLH (n) ant bokaLHL (vt) meet, find boraLHL (n) curupira (humanlike evil being) boraLHL (vi) fall bo’reLHL (vi) (be) light boroLHL (vi) lower -boro (vt) separate -bosa (vt) benefactive (§10.6) bosoLH (n) agouti buH (n) agouti bu’aLH (vi) (go) downhill, (go) downriver -bu’a (vi) move downward (serialized motion verb, §7.5.1) bu’eLHL (vi) study, learn bu’iLHL (n) top (horizontal surface) of, over (spatial reference) butiLHL (vi) disappear butuaLH (n) termites bҁH (n) edge of, shore bҁaphiLHL (vi) motion/signal with one’s hand bҁeLHL (n) arrow bҁeLHL (vt) hunt with arrows bҁe~deteLHL (n) bow and arrows bҁhawitiLH (vi) (be) sad bҁhҁLHL (vi) (be) large bҁhҁLHL (vi) laugh bҁkҁLHL (n) elder, ancestor bҁkҁLHL (vi) grow, open Vocabulary 459 -bҁro (vi) move downward (serialized motion verb, §7.5.1) bҁsaLHL (vt) adorn, decorate bҁ’seLH (n) side bҁsoLHL (n) canoe bҁtiLHL (vi) (be) hard (physical property) bҁ’ҁLH (n) piranha ~ba(a)H (n) stream ~ba(a)(L)H (vi) (be) small ~ba’aLH (n) path ~bachҁLHL (n) leafcutter ant ~badiaLHL (vi) not exist (§7.1.2) -~ba’do (vt) penetrate; move into (serialized motion verb, §7.5.1) ~badҁLHL (n) husband ~bahaLH (n) macaw ~bahaLH (vi) (go) uphill -~baha (vi) move up and down (serialized motion verb, §7.5.1) ~bahaphoaLH (n) Mahaphoa (placename; “Arara Cachoeira” in Portuguese) ~bakaLHL (n) village, origin ~bakaLHL (vt) look for ~bakarokaLHL (n) jungle ~bakoLH (n) daughter ~bakoLHL (n) pakú fish ~bakҁLH (n) son ~bariL= (pro) our (first person plural inclusive possessive pronoun, §6.4.1) ~bariLH (pro) we (first person plural inclusive pronoun, §4.7.1, §6.4.1) ~basaLH (n) people, beings ~basaLHL (vi) grow, mature ~basiLHL (vt) know -~basi (vt) can (ability, possibility), should (serialized verb of deontic modality, §7.5.4) ~basҁLHL (n) man, person, being ~ba’yoLHL (vi) lie (tell a lie) ~bedeLHL (n) ingá fruit ~biH (n) honey ~bi(L)H (n...