Working Women, Entrepreneurs, and the Mexican Revolution: The Coffee Culture of Córdoba, Veracruz

Index

403 Index Page numbers in italic indicate illustrations . Administration and Elections, Union, 154–55, 169–71, 174–75, 178 age and marital status of workers, 89–92, 115–16, 202–3, 209, 318n20 Agencia Comercial y Maritima, 38, 72, 73 agroindustry, definition of, 4–5 Aguilar, Cándido, 46–49, 81, 125–28, 134, 138 Aguilar, Miguel, 38, 47 Albo, Manuel, 76–77, 238, 244 Alegre, Robert, 210 Alemán Valdés, Miguel, 78, 186, 188, 191, 241, 246, 257 Almanza, Manuel, 149, 156, 180, 335n89 Alvarado, Salvador, 48 Alvarez Fernández, José, 243 Amatlán De Los Reyes, 31, 33–34, 35, 40, 76, 157 anfer. See Asociación Nacional Femenil Revolucionario (anfer) Arbuckle Brothers, 22, 37–38, 39, 59, 60, 71, 129, 309n131; credit extended by, 52; during the depression, 70, 73; employees, 86; tenants of, 150; unions and, 132–33, 151, 153, 190, 191, 193; during war times, 48, 50, 52–54 Argentina, 13; Buenos Aires, 5, 211–12 Arrazola, Agustín, 130, 329n36 Asociación Nacional Femenil Revolucionario (anfer), 258 Atlantic community, 3, 81 Avila Camacho, Manuel, 237, 241, 246, 247 Bancaria Cordobés, 35 Banco Agricola e Hipoteca de México , 35 Banco Central de Mexicano, 35 Banco de Londres y México, 35, 44, 272 404 Index Banco Nacional de Comercio Exterior , 240 Banco Nacional de Crédito Agrícola (bnca), 79, 312n159 Banco Nacional de México, 27, 73, 244, 353n24 Banco Nacional Mercantil, 35; de Veracruz, 42 bands and parades, 218–26 Beaumond, Anne, 62, 236 Behar, Ruth, 14, 216 Beneficiadora y Exportadora, 74–76, 238, 240, 243, 245, 252, 255, 269, 267–70, 355n42 beneficiadores, 50–52, 62–64, 238, 239, 261, 265, 275, 353n24; coffee workers negotiations with, 246– 53, 261–72 beneficios, 1, 6, 50–51, 59–64, 65, 73– 74, 80, 87, 239–40, 247, 281 Beneficios Mexicanos de Café (benemex ), 240, 249, 252, 263, 269–70 benemex. See Beneficios Mexicanos de Café (benemex) Benjamin, Walter, 273 Bergman, George, 53–54, 58 Boesch, Guillermo (plant), 53, 66, 73, 86, 153, 192, 240, 243, 247, 345n11 Boletín de la Sociedad Agrícola Mexicana , 27 Bortz, Jeffrey, 84, 331n59 Braniff, Tomas, Jr., 42 Brazil, 4, 5, 13, 26, 28–29, 39, 40, 50, 56, 67, 68, 79, 87, 237; during the Depression, 67, 68 Buffington, Robert, 212, 216 Bulloa, Margarita, 150 Burgos, Leopardo Z., 150, 155, 179 Buve, Raymond, 163 cacicazgos, 166–76, 196–98, 277–78; consolidation of escogedora, 253– 60; female, 176–83, 283–84; female collective, 187–98; male, 183– 87 caciquismo, 162–66, 196–97 Calles, Plutarco, 151, 152, 158, 163, 171 Camacho, Porfirio, 247 Candaudap Quemard, Juan, 35, 43, 44 Candaudap Quemard, Pedro, 34, 36 Canning, Kathleen, 10, 92 capecsa. See Compania Agrícola de Productores y Exportadores de Café sa (capecsa) Cárdenas Ríos, Lázaro, 79, 148, 163, 183, 185, 189 Carmona, Belem, 167, 190, 342n84, 344n94 Carr, Barry, 126 Carranza, Venustiano, 46, 47, 51, 124–25 Carrillo Puerto, Felipe, 148 Casa del Obrero Mundial (com), 124, 126, 127, 128–30, 139, 158 Casino Cordobés, 43 Casino Español, 43, 62, 281 Castro, Jesús Agustín, 48 Castro González, Sofía, 161, 169, 171, 172, 173, 176, 215; accused of fraud, 270–72; benemex settlements and, 269–70; consolidation of power by, 253–60; home of, 208; negotiations by, 249, 250; public opinion of, 275–76; soecc band Index 405 and, 220, 223, 226; union hall acquisition and, 195; wages earned by, 253; women’s suffrage and, 257–58 Catholic Church, 134–35, 175, 204 ceimsa. See Compañía de Exportaci ón y Importación Mexicana (ceimsa) Ceniceros, Georgina Limones, 328– 29n31 Central America, 4, 5, 40, 43, 45, 68, 279 Central Veracruz, 5, 7, 12, 16, 20, 21, 23, 24, 35, 38, 48, 46, 47, 48, 59, 63, 70, 73, 80, 83, 123, 129, 151, 158, 166, 235, 236, 252, 261, 277, 279, 282 cgocm. See Confederación General de Obreros y Campesinos de México (cgocm) cgt. See Confederación General de Trabajadores (cgt) Chassen-López, Francie, 164 Chasteen, John, 229 Chiapas, 5, 6, 29, 40, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 56, 63–64, 65, 80, 239, 241, 279, 297n39, 308n116, 351n12; government involvement in coffee exports in, 237, 240; Zardain Brothers and, 76, 351n12 citizenship, 225, 257–58, 285 cnt. See Confederación Nacional de Trabajadores (cnt) Coatepec, 4, 5, 12, 15...