From Homeland to New Land: A History of the Mahican Indians, 1600-1830

Notes

225 notes Abbreviations Used in the Notes ba James W. Bradley, Before Albany: An Archaeology of Native-Dutch Relations in the Capital Region, 1600–1664 (Albany: University of the State of New York, 2007). dnn Adriaen van der Donck, A Description of New Netherland, by Adriaen van der Donck, ed. Charles T. Gehring and William A. Starna, trans. Diederik Willem Goedhuys (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2008). iacny Allen W. Trelease, Indian Affairs in Colonial New York: The Seventeenth Century (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1960). nnn J. Franklin Jameson, ed., Narratives of New Netherland, 1609–1654 (New York: Scribner’s, 1909). nycd E. B. O’Callaghan and Berthold Fernow, eds., Documents Relative to the Colonial History of New York; Procured in Holland, England, and France by John R. Brodhead (Albany: Weed, Parsons, 1853–1887). vrbm Kiliaen van Rensselaer, Van Rensselaer Bowier Manuscripts: Being the Letters of Kiliaen van Rensselaer, 1630–1643, and Other Documents Relating to the Colony of Rensselaerswyck, trans. and ed. A. J. F. van Laer (Albany: University of the State of New York, 1908). Introduction 1. Jennings, Empire of Fortune, xxii, 483. 2. Indian Entities Recognized and Eligible to Receive Services from the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs, 67 Fed. Reg. 46331 (July 12, 2002). 3. It is widely acknowledged that tribe is difficult to define in ethnological or historical terms. This is especially so when relevant sociopolitical information is missing, as it is for seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Mahicans. 4. See synonomy in Brasser, “Mahican,” 211. 5. Richter, Ordeal of the Longhouse, 5–7. 6. Wheeler, To Live upon Hope. 226 Notes to pages 1–12 Prologue 1. vrbm,180n56,807;HueyandLuscier,“EarlyRensselaerswijckFarms,”64–65. 2. vrbm, 307, 809. 3. Pearson, Early Records, 1:74, 161–62; Albany County Deeds, 5:161–62. 4. Pearson, Early Records, 4:151–52. 5. For the genealogy of the Van Buren family, see Peckham, History of Cornelis Maessen van Buren. 1. Landscape and Environment 1. See O’Toole, Different Views; Howat, American Paradise. 2. [Aupaumut] “ Indian History.” 3. U.S.G.S., National Water Quality Assessment Program—The Hudson River Basin, http://ny.water.usgs.gov/projects/hdsn/fctsht/su.html, accessed Dec. 1, 2010. It was the tidal quality of the river that was said to explain its attraction to the ancient ancestors of the Mahicans who, it was claimed, had migrated east from a place of “great waters or sea, which are constantly in motion, either flowing or ebbing.” [Aupaumut] “ Indian History,” 100. 4. For a comprehensive treatise on the river see Levinton and Waldman, Hudson River Estuary. 5. R. Smith, Tour of the Hudson, 80. 6. Purchas, Purchas His Pilgrimes, 369. 7. nnn, 46–47; Adams, Hudson River Guidebook, 10. The best history of these islands and their importance to the Mahicans and the Dutch is Huey, “Mahicans, the Dutch, and the Schodack Islands.” Beer can denote either a bear or a boar in Dutch. Misguided by the pronunciation, the English mistakenly renamed it Barren Island. dnn, 153n40. 8. nnn, 48. 9. Morgen, a Dutch land measure of about two acres. 10. nnn, 171. 11. nnn, 170. An editor’s note on this page identifies the farmer as Brant Peelen, whose fields were on Castle Island, the former site of Fort Nassau. 12. Danckaerts, Journal of Jasper Danckaerts, 198. 13. Benson, Peter Kalm’s Travels, 331–32. 14. R. Smith, Tour of the Hudson, 69. 15. Quotes from R. Smith, Tour of the Hudson, 76–81, 80n2. 16. dnn, 58–60. Van der Donck sometimes applied European species names to the Hudson River, New York Bay, and Long Island Sound fishes that he listed. He also made a few mistaken identifications. For example, he reported the presence of carp, a fish that was not found in New York State waters until the 1830s and later still in New England. R. Smith, Tour of the Hudson, Notes to pages 12–16 227 162n103. Also, it is now understood that the Hudson did not support a salmon population. Those that were captured were most likely strays from the nearby Connecticut River system. Limburg et al., “Fisheries of the Hudson Valley,” 191. As an important aside, and in preparation for writing his book, it is likely that Van der Donck read the earlier reports of Megapolensis (1644), David de Vries (1655), and perhaps others, who described to differing degrees the flora and...