Chiricahua and Janos

Cover

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Title Page

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Copyright Page

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Contents

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pp. vii-

List of Maps

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pp. viii-

Preface / Maps

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pp. ix-xiv

For over two hundred years the descendants of Spanish settlers and Apache Indians did violence to each other in the region known as the Southwestern Borderlands; historical, cultural, and geographical shorthand for the area on either side of the current...

1. Communities of Violence: Apaches and Hispanics in the Southwestern Borderlands

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pp. 1-22

With guns on their saddle-bows and lances at their stirrups the Sonorans rode over the mountains in the half-light of morning. The target of their wrath was the group of Chiricahua Apaches encamped outside the town Apaches...

2. Refugees and Migrants: Making Hispanic-Apache Communities, 1680–1750

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pp. 23-53

Both Chiricahua and Janos made their communities via violent competition over the most basic resource: people. Refugees from the New Mexican Pueblo Revolt of 1680 created Janos presidio in 1686 in response to an Indian rebellion...

3. Fierce Dancing and the Muster Roll: Campaigns, Raids, and Wives, 1750–1785

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pp. 55-85

The men of both Chiricahua and Janos used violence to establish themselves as married adults. A round of campaigns, raids, and Apache requests for peace in the 1750s only led to temporary respites from the cycle of violence...

4. A Vigilant Peace: Families, Rations, and Status, 1786–1830

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pp. 87-121

A willingness to do violence secured and supported status and families in both communities. After 1786 Spanish strategy was to grant peace immediately to all Apaches who asked for it and to wage unceasing war...

5. War, Peace, War: Revenge and Retaliation, 1831–1850

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pp. 123-154

Revenge and retaliation dominated relations between the two communities after 1831. An end to rations led to an increase in Chiricahua raiding, resulting in increased hostility from Mexicans. For most of the 1830s...

6. Border Dilemmas: Security and Survival, 1850–1875

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pp. 155-186

The delineation of the border between the United States and Mexico not only began the separation of Chiricahua and Janos. It also created a dilemma of security and survival for both communities. Americans said Chiricahuas...

7. Communities’ End: Persecution and Imprisonment, 1875–1910

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pp. 187-209

In the last decades of the nineteenth century Chiricahua and Janos gradually ceased to interact with each other and ceased to be communities of violence. The state government of Chihuahua sought to defend itself from Apache raids...

Conclusion: Borderland Communities of Violence

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pp. 211-218

This work posits the centrality of violence in relations within and between borderland communities. Violence was how these communities established, maintained, or changed their relationships. Violence often drove...

Acknowledgments

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pp. 219-221

This book has had a long gestation period and I have many people to thank; my sincerest apologies if I have forgotten any. I can trace the germ of the idea back to an initial unsuccessful thesis proposal for Dan Tyler...

Notes

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pp. 223-247

Glossary

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pp. 249-251

Bibliography

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pp. 253-268

Index

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pp. 269-277