Kiowa Humanity and the Invasion of the State

Notes

Notes KPIX\MZ\PMIUMZQKIVXZWJTMU 1. Primo Levi, Survival in Auschwitz, trans. Guilio Einaudi, with “A Conversation with Primo Levi” by Philip Roth (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996), 56–64. 2. Robert C. Miller to A. M. Robinson, Report of the Central Superintendency, 1858, 98–99. 3. Jeffrey Ostler, The Plains Sioux and U.S. Colonialism from Lewis and Clark to Wounded Knee (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), 40. 4. Jill Norgren, The Cherokee Cases: Two Landmark Federal Decisions in the Fight for Sovereignty (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2004), 6–7. 5. Robert Williams, The American Indian in Western Legal Thought: The Discourses of Conquest (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990), 15–18, 22–26 (on Pope Gregory and “irrationality”). 6. Maureen Konkle, Writing Indian Nations: Native intellectuals and the Politics of Historiography, 1827–1863 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004), 15. 7. O’Brien, Dispossession by Degrees: Indian Land and Identity in Natick, Massachusetts, 1650–1790 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997); Saunt, A New Order of Things: Property, Power, and the Transformation of the Creek Indians, 1733–1816 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999); Hoxie, Parading through History: The Making of the Crow Nation in America, 1805–1935 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997). 8. Nicholos Arjun Thomas, Colonialism’s Culture: Anthropology, Travel and Government (Princeton nj: Princeton University Press, 1997); Appadurai, ed., The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986). See also Nancy Shoemaker, ed., Clearing a Path: Theorizing the Past in Native American Studies (New York: Routledge, 2002). Shoemaker’s anthology has made an important contribution to situating Native American studies in a theoretical context. 9. Washington Post, December 29, 2005, A01. KPIX\MZ\PMSQW_I[KPMUMWNTQNM 1. Nineteenth-century travelers and scholars have contributed to our understanding of the southern Plains environment with descriptions, climate studies, ecological analyses , and histories. H. Bailey Carroll, writing in 1941, characterized the descriptions by Lt. James William Abert as “the record of an intimate visit with the tribe made by a close 162 Notes to pages 12–15 observer at a time when Anglo-American observations of the Kiowa are indeed scarce.” See Lt. James Williams Abert, Expedition to the Southwest: An 1845 Reconnaissance of Colorado, New Mexico, Texas and Oklahoma, introduction by John Miller Morris (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1999), 6. 2. The Kiowas lived on the Plains long before 1790, when they took up permanent residence in the southern Plains. Some writers, like Nancy Hickerson, claim that segments of the Kiowa were in the southern Plains as early as the sixteenth century. See Nancy Hickerson, “Ethnogenesis of the South Plains, Jumano to Kiowa,” in History, Power, and Identity: Ethnogenesis in the Americas, 1492–1992, ed. Jonathan D. Hill (Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1996), 70–89. 3. See Patricia Albers, The Home of the Bison: An Ethnographic and Ethnohistorical Study of Traditional Cultural Affiliations to Wind Cave National Park, Cooperation Agreement #CA606899103 between the U.S. National Park Service and the Department of American Indian Studies, University of Minnesota, September 29, 2003, 23, 34–37. 4. James Mooney, Calendar History of the Kiowa Indians, introduction by John C. Ewers (Washington LK: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1979), 153–54. 5. Rufus B. Sage, Rocky Mountain Life; or, Startling Scenes and Perilous Adventures in the Far West (Dayton WP: Edward Canby, 1850), 313. Also, see Abert, Expedition to the Southwest, 34. 6. Abert, Expedition to the Southwest, 61. 7. Albers, The Home of the Bison, 48, 49, 55, 56. 8. Sage, Rocky Mountain Life, 361. Sage’s description matches those of Indian potatoes by Miss Dorothy W. Smith, Home Demonstration Agent, Kiowa Agency, Anadarko, Oklahoma, in Kiowa Recipes (Anadarko ok: Kiowa Agency, 1934). This volume is a wonderful primary source of twentieth-century Kiowa recipes and makes references to many plants mentioned in this chapter. 9. Abert, Expedition to the Southwest, 29, 57, 62, 70. Abert and Lt. William Peck, leading the U.S. Corps of Topographical Engineers, explored the Canadian River, the junction of the Canadian and Arkansas Rivers, and the North Fork of the Red River in the summer of 1845. 10. Richard Irving Dodge, The Plains of North America and Their Inhabitants, ed. Wayne R. Kime (Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1989), 79. 11. Dodge, The Plains of North America, 79. 12. Andrew C. Isenberg, The Destruction of the Bison, An Environmental History, 1750–1920 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 17. 13. William Temple Hornaday...