Perimeters of Democracy: Inverse Utopias and the Wartime Social Landscape in the American West

Index

Index a-32 (union auxiliary), 66–67 A-bomb. See atomic bomb Acid Canyon, 306 aclu. See American Civil Liberties Union (aclu) actors, 186 adoption, trans-racial. See trans-racial adoption Adorno, Theodor, 4 aec. See Atomic Energy Commission (aec) afl. See American Federation of Labor African Americans: Berkeley, 76; and citizenship, 48–49, 173; Japanese Americans and, 219, 220, 223, 293, 295, 340n22; Los Alamos, 247; Portland, 65–68, 300, 336n62; soldiers , 191; stereotyping of, 65–66, 199; Tuskegee Victory launching and, 185; Vanport, 1, 2, 115, 116, 155, 158–59, 198–202, 229, 283–84. See also civil rights movement; fear of African Americans Africans: Samuel Morton and, 12–13 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 306 agricultural labor. See farm labor agricultural policies, 96, 132, 172 agriculture, Indian. See Indian agriculture aim. See American Indian Movement (aim) airplanes, 185 Akiya, Karl, 192 Alamagordo bomb test. See atomic bomb: Trinity Test, July 1945 Alatorre, Barbara, 290 Albert, John, 327n23 alcohol: Indians and, 48, 171, 174, 187, 263, 267, 271; Los Alamos and, 244; Topaz and, 197; Vanport and, 227 Alien Land Laws, 146, 293 “aliens” (label). See “enemy aliens” (label ); “friendly aliens” (label) aliens from outer space. See rumors: about space aliens All for His Country (Geisy), 51, 53 Allotment Act of 1887. See General Allotment Act of 1887 allotments, Indian. See commodities; treaty payments Alvarez, Luis, 77 American Civil Liberties Union (aclu), 286, 340n21 American Dream, 126, 135. See also Jefferson, Thomas: “Empire for Liberty” vision American Federation of Labor, 300 American Indian Movement (aim), 287 American Indians. See Indians Americanism, 15, 26, 29, 40, 173; collectivism as rejection of, 214; FDR on, 191 Americanization, 15, 19, 22, 282; of Indians, 7, 8, 47, 90, 92, 135–36, 171; of Klamath Indians, 48, 85, 138–39, 180; Oregon and, 41; wra internship camps and, 84, 153, 192; Vanport and, 159 374 | Index American Red Cross. See Red Cross American Veterans Committee, 227, 285 Angelenos, 61 annuity payments. See treaty payments anthropological racism. See racism: in anthropology anti-Asian racism, 6, 297; called “Jap Crow,” 223 anti-Asian violence, 297–98; threatened, 309–10 anti-Communism, 21, 250; Indian Reorganization Act and, 332n11; Klamath Indian Reservation, 179, 258–59; Los Alamos and, 208, 236–37, 248; McCarran-Walter Immigration and Nationality Act and, 292; Portland and, 63–64. See also Internal Security Act (proposed); red-baiting; Red Squads antidiscrimination laws, 155 antidiscrimination policies, 67, 198 anti-Semitism, 18. See also fear of Jews apathy, 154, 240, 280 apologies, 295, 306 Applegate, Elisha, 44, 47 Applegate, Ivan, 44, 47 Applegate, Jesse, 348n18 Applegate, Jesse (1811–88), 44 Applegate, Lindsay, 43, 44, 47, 48, 85– 87; as Klamath tribal court arbiter, 87; use of commodities as disciplinary tool, 134 Applegate, Lucian, 44, 47 Applegate, Oliver Cromwell, 44, 47, 85, 99, 138, 140–41, 171; Allotment Act and, 96; Klamath Republican and, 326n12; La-Lakes and, 86; as tribal court justice selection, 92 Applegate family, 43–44, 45, 47, 48, 90, 91, 103, 290, 348n18 architectural homogeneity, 110, 146 Area 51, 307 Arizona, 57 Arkell, John, 182 arms race, 246, 277 Army Corps of Engineers. See U.S. Army Corps of Engineers army post exchanges. See post exchanges Arrowhead (Klamath village), 288–89, 290 Arthurdale wv, 144 Asians, 49; Samuel Morton and, 11, 12. See also Cambodian refugees; Chinese Americans; Japanese; Japanese Americans; Taiwanese American scientists assimilation: Allotment Act and, 97; Indians and, 15, 130, 172, 186–87, 251; Japanese Americans and, 189, 190, 191; Jews and, 17; Klamath Tribes and, 43, 47, 48, 141, 180, 183, 253, 262, 266, 273, 275; Los Alamos and, 164; Wade Crawford and, 179, 180. See also Indian schools Association of Los Alamos Scientists (alas), 236 Astoria or, 36–37 Atchison, David Rice, 39 atomic bomb, 16, 73, 79, 81; Trinity Test, July 1945, 211, 307. See also Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings, 1945 Atomic Energy Act, 236 Atomic Energy Commission (aec), 8, 235–48 attorneys. See lawyers automobile mechanics, 197–98 automobile searches, 123 Bacher, Robert, 81 Index | 375 Baltimore News-Post, 236 Bancroft, Hubert Howe, 90 banks and banking, 79, 155, 271, 274, 289 barbed wire, 83, 204, 279–80 “barbed-wire democracy.” See democracy , limited barbershop segregation. See segregation: in barbershops barracks, 60–61, 101, 105, 108, 148–49, 204 Benton, Thomas Hart (U.S. senator), 37 Bernalillo County (New Mexico), 241, 242 Bethe, Hans, 118 Bettles, Gordon, 32 Biddle...