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Acknowledgments | vii Introduction: African Americans on the Great Plains | 1 bruce a. glasrud & charles a. braithwaite 1. Black Soldiers at Fort Hays, Kansas, 1867–1869: A Study in Civilian and Military Violence | 24 james n. leiker 2. “Pap” Singleton’s Dunlap Colony: Relief Agencies and the Failure of a Black Settlement in Eastern Kansas | 47 joseph v. hickey 3. Vengeance without Justice, Injustice without Retribution: The Afro-American Council’s Struggle against Racial Violence | 71 shawn leigh alexander 4. Prelude to Brownsville: The Twenty-fifth Infantry at Fort Niobrara, Nebraska, 1902–1906 | 103 thomas r. buecker 5. Black Enclaves of Violence: Race and Homicide in Great Plains Cities, 1890–1920 | 124 clare v. mckanna jr. contents 6. A Socioeconomic Portrait of Prince Hall Masonry in Nebraska, 1900–1920 | 144 dennis n. mihelich 7. Diplomatic Racism: Canadian Government and Black Migration from Oklahoma, 1905–1912 | 162 r. bruce shepard 8. “This Strange White World”: Race and Place in Era Bell Thompson’s American Daughter | 184 michael k. johnson 9. The New Negro Arts and Letters Movement among Black University Students in the Midwest, 1914–1940 | 204 richard m. breaux 10. Great Plains Pragmatist: Aaron Douglas and the Art of Social Protest | 233 audrey thompson 11. Frompin’ in the Great Plains: Listening and Dancing to the Jazz Orchestras of Alphonso Trent, 1925–1944 | 256 marc rice 12. Early Civil Rights Activism in Topeka, Kansas, Prior to the 1954 Brown Case | 273 jean van delinder 13. The Great Plains Sit-In Movement, 1958–1960 | 302 ronald walters 14. The Omaha Gospel Complex in Historical Perspective | 320 tom jack Source Acknowledgments | 339 Selected Bibliography | 341 Contributors | 375 Index | 379 ...

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