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Few citations for the African American experience in Texas are included here since other comprehensive bibliographic and historiographic citations on blacks in Texas can be found elsewhere. See works by Alwyn Barr and Bruce A. Glasrud, indicated below. Age, Arthur V. “The Omaha Riot of 1919.” Master’s thesis, Creighton University , 1964. Aldrich, Gene. Black Heritage of Oklahoma. Edmond ok: Thompson Book and Supply Company, 1973. Alexander, Shawn Leigh. “Vengeance without Justice, Injustice without Retribution : The Afro-American Council’s Struggle against Racial Violence.” Great Plains Quarterly 27.2 (Spring 2007): 117–34. Allmendinger, Blake. Imagining the African American West. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2005. Anderson, Kathie Ryckman. “Era Bell Thompson: A North Dakota Daughter.” North Dakota History 49 (1982): 11–18. Anderson, Robert. From Slavery to Affluence: Memoirs of Robert Anderson, Ex-Slave. Steamboat Springs, Colorado: Privately Published, 1967. Andrews, Thomas F. “Freedmen in Indian Territory: A Post–Civil War Dilemma .” Journal of the West 4 (July 1965): 367–76. Armitage, Susan. “‘The Mountains Were Free and We Loved Them’: Dr. Ruth Flowers of Boulder, Colorado.” In African American Women Confront the West, 1600–2000. Edited by Quintard Taylor and Shirley Ann Wilson Moore, 165–77. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2003. selected bibliography 342 selected bibliography ———. Theresa Banleld, and Sarah Jacobus. “Black Women and Their Communities in Colorado.” Frontiers 2 (Summer 1977): 45–51. Ashley, Velma D. “A History of Boley, Oklahoma.” Master’s thesis, Kansas State College, 1940. Athearn, Robert G. In Search of Canaan: Black Migration to Kansas, 1879–80. Lawrence: Regents Press of Kansas, 1978. ———. “Black Exodus: The Migration of 1879.” Prairie Scout 3 (1975): 86–99. Bailey, Anne J. “A Texas Cavalry Raid: Reaction to Black Soldiers and Contrabands .” Civil War History 35 (1989): 138–52. ———. “Was There a Massacre at Poison Spring?” Military History of the Southwest 20 (Fall 1990): 157–68. Bailey, M. Thomas. Reconstruction in Indian Territory: A Story of Avarice, Discrimination , and Opportunism. Port Washington ny: Kennikat Press, 1972. Baker, Ben. “Some Aspects of Segregation Law in Oklahoma.” Master’s thesis, University of Tulsa, 1952. Baker, June A. “Patterns of Black Residential Segregation in Oklahoma City, 1890–1960.” Master’s thesis, University of Oklahoma, 1970. Baker, T. Lindsay, and Julie P. Baker, eds. The wpa Oklahoma Slave Narratives. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1996. Ball, Wilbur P. Black Pioneers of the Prairie. Fort Morgan co: Commercial-pws Printers, 1988. Balyeat, Frank A. “Segregation in the Public Schools of Oklahoma.” Chronicles of Oklahoma 39 (1961): 180–92. Barr, Alwyn. The African Texans. Institute of Texan Cultures. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2004. ———. Black Texans: A History of African Americans in Texas, 1528–1995. Second edition. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1996. ———. “Advancing from History’s Hollow to History’s Mountain: Sources on African American History in Texas.” East Texas Historical Journal 38.1 (2000): 28–34. ———. “African Americans in Texas: From Stereotypes to Diverse Roles. In Texas Through Time: Evolving Interpretations. Edited by Walter L. Buenger and Robert A. Calvert, 50–80. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1991. ———. “Black Texans.” In A Guide to the History of Texas. Edited by Light [3.144.9.141] Project MUSE (2024-04-25 18:39 GMT) selected bibliography 343 Townsend Cummins and Alvin R. Bailey Jr., 107–21. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1988. ———. “The Right to Vote.” In Reconstruction to Reform: Texas Politics, 1876–1906, 193–208. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1971. Barr, Alwyn, and Robert A. Calvert, eds. Black Leaders: Texans for Their Times. Austin: Texas State Historical Association, 1981. Becknell, Charles E., Sr. No Challenge—No Change: Growing Up Black in New Mexico. Kearney ne: Morris Publishing, 2003. Beeson, Ronald Max. “Desegregation and Aflrmative Action in Higher Education in Oklahoma: A Historical Case Study.” PhD dissertation, Oklahoma State University, 1986. Bell, J. D. “A Study of a Negro City.” Master’s thesis, University of Kansas, 1930. Belleau, William J. “The Nicodemus Colony of Graham County, Kansas.” Master’s thesis, Fort Hays State College, 1950. Bergmann, Leola Nelson. The Negro in Iowa. Iowa City: State Historical Society of Iowa, 1969. ———. “The Negro in Iowa.” Iowa Journal of History and Politics 46 (1948): 3–90. Bernson, Sara L., and Robert J. Eggers. “Black People in South Dakota History .” South Dakota History 7 (Summer 1977): 241–70. Berwanger,EugeneH.TheFrontieragainstSlavery:WesternAnti-NegroPrejudiceand the Slavery Extension Controversy. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1967. ———. “Hardin and Langston: Western Black Spokesmen of the Reconstruction Era.” Journal of Negro History 64 (1979): 101–15. ———. “Reconstruction on the...

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