The Bearer of This Letter: Language Ideologies, Literacy Practices, and the F

Contents

Contents List of Maps viii Preface ix Notes on Terminology and Abbreviations xv Introduction Fort Belknap and the Question of Indigenous-Language Literacy 1 1. Before the Reservation Language Practices and the Documentary Record 17 2. Creating Boundaries English Literacy in the Early Reservation Era 43 3. English Only Language Ideologies and the Limits of Literacy 83 4. Shifts in Practice Literacy during the Indian New Deal 119 5. Bringing the Languages Back Developing Bilingual Education at Fort Belknap 163 ...