The Texture of Contact: European and Indian Settler Communities on the Fro

Index

Index Page references in italic refer to illustrations. Abeel, John, 285 Abraham (Canajoharie leader), 63, 205 Abraham (Tiononderoge leader), 273, 283 adoption: at Kahnawake, 40–41; and Mohawk giving of land rights, 106– 7, 135; in Mohawk Valley, 204; in Susquehana Valley, 133–35, 138–39; of Tuscaroras by Iroquois, 13; of William Johnson, 71, 106–7. See also kinship African settlers and slaves: free blacks settled by Johnson, 93; and intermarriage with Indians, 59, 152, 203; in Mohawk Valley, 4, 62, 64, 68, 201–2; in Montreal, 46; owned by squatters, 143; in Redstone Country, 220, 255; in Schoharie, 73, 143; as speakers of Mohawk, 62, 197; and ties to Indians, 40, 201, 211 Akwesasne (St. Regis) (settlement), 15, 27 Albany Commissioners of Indian Affairs: corruption of, 76–77, 89; mistrust of Mohawks for, 62–63, 113; petition to, 104; and William Johnson, 93, 95–96, 269. See also British colonial governments and officials Albany Conference (1754) (treaty with Iroquois Confederacy), 143, 269, 271 Albany Congress (1754) (on intercolonial defense), 113–14, 116 Albany Corporation, 90–91 Albany-Montreal trade, 54–56, 184 Albany Purchase (1754), 144, 226, 260 alcohol and liquor: at Canajoharie, 105; as cause of violence, 155, 159, 162–63, 198–200, 233; and land fraud, 108, 270, 273; Mohawk protests against, 276; in New 378 index alcohol and liquor (continued) France, 33–34, 45, 54; in Ohio Valley, 154, 220, 254; petitions by settlers, 289; in Susquehanna Valley, 117, 130, 131, 154; at Tiononderoge, 87–88, 89; trade in, 184, 187–88, 198–200, 208, 212, 254 Allison, John, 258 American Revolution: as betrayal in Iroquois’ view, 273–74, 276, 282; buildup to, 222–23, 262–64, 280–82; as a civil war, 16, 18, 266; destructiveness of, 267, 283–88; effect of on Indian and European communities, 20–21; and Iroquois dispossession, 288–91 Amherst, Jeffrey, 226 Andrews, William, 88 Annin, James, 233, 236 Armstrong, George, 126 Armstrong, John, 173–77 Aron, Jacob, 235 artisans: and British Army settlements, 221, 248, 250; and trade with Indians, 103, 208–9, 328n38 Arughiadekka, 63 Asarageghty, Aaron, 63 Assunepachla (Shawnee village), 126 Atiatoharongwen (Louis Cook), 40, 59–60, 152 Aupaumut, Hendrick, 202 Baird, Thomas, 165 Bald Eagle, 240 Banyar, Goldsbrow, 203, 278 Barber, Rhoda, 129 Barclay, William, 61 Bartram, John, 73, 129, 161, 164 Batts, Thomas, 242 Bayard, Nicholas, 75 Beauharnois, Marquis de, 11, 51, 53, 57 Beaver (Delaware Indian), 231 Belêtre, François-Marie Picoté de, 178, 189, 192 Bellinger, Frederick, 281 Bellinger, Peter, 286 Belmont, Father Vachon de, 46 Blackburn, John, 265, 280 Blane, Archibald, 251 Bloomfield, Joseph, 197 Board of Property, 143, 172 Board of Trade, 83, 85, 261 Booth, James, 239 borderlands, definition, 14–15, 301nn27–28 Bougainville, Louis Antoine de, 27, 36–38, 42, 52, 58 boundaries: blurriness of, 1–2; and British Army, 225–26; and British policies on settlement in Ohio Valley, 246–47; at Canajoharie, 105–6, 110; Indian understandings of, 14–15, 132–33; in Schoharie, 81; before Seven Years’ War, 119–20; transformation of Iroquoian boundaries to colonial possessions, 12 Bouquet, Henry: and concerns about squatters, 169, 229–30, 252; and mediation of disputes, 221; and military colonization, 244–45, 248–49, 332n29; and promises to Indians, 227 Bow, James, 235 Braddock, Edward, 60, 115, 147, 152, 192 Braddock’s Field, murder at (1767), 217, 233, 238, 242 379 index Braddock’s Road, 217–18, 230, 246, 249 Brainerd, David, 129 Brandywine Delawares, 128 Brant, Joseph (Thayendanegea): after American Revolution, 289, 291; in American Revolution, 285–86; and George Klock, 281–83; and interactions with settlers, 102, 103, 205, 207; marriage of, 72–73; and ties to William Johnson, 277 Brant, Molly, 95, 203, 277, 289 British Army: and attack on Kittanning, 173–77; and encouragement of settlements, 248–51; garrisons, 221, 227–28, 246; Indians’ distrust of, 195–97, 226–28, 252; and ineffectiveness at controlling frontiers, 245–49, 255; in Ohio Valley, 152–53, 224–28; and relations with settlers, 168–69, 243–45, 253–54; and withdrawal from Ohio, 261–62. See also militia companies British colonial governments and officials: attempts to establish clear boundaries between colonies and Indians, 225; concerns about personal relations, 130, 201–2; fears of breakdown of law and order, 223–24; fears of Indians, 10; Indian policy after Seven Years’ War, 222; on military settlements, 246–47; and Ohio Country, 135; and...