Bad Fruits of the Civilized Tree: Alcohol and the Sovereignty of the Cherokee Nation

Index

 index abstinence: missionaries on, ; pledge of western Cherokees for, –, , –, , , ; resolutions for, ,  Adair, James, ,  Adair, John Lafeyette, n Adair, Walter S., , n agriculture. See farming Alabama, , –, , ,  alcohol: ceremonial uses of, –, –, , , , n, n; Cherokee terms for, –; as commodity, , ; as gift, ; history of in Cherokee Nation, , –, –; medicinal uses of, –, , , , , –, –, , –, n; significance of Cherokee regulation of, , , –, ; for solace, , . See also specific types alcohol addiction, n; occurrence of among Native Americans, ,  alcoholism: of Coody, n; diagnosis of, , n; occurrence of among Native Americans, , ,  ale. See malt liquors American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, , –, ,  Americans: and business partnerships with Cherokees, –; and Cherokee land, ; and Cherokee tax law, ; and citizenship, , , , , –, , , n, n, n, n, n; drinking behavior of, , –, ; as laborers in Cherokee country, –; and prohibition, ; and punishment by Cherokees, ; and responsibility for alcohol problems, , , –, , –, , –; and temperance movement, –,  American Temperance Society (ats),  annuity payments, , , n  1 index anomie, –, –, . See also cultural identity Apache Indians, ,  Arbuckle, Matthew, , n Archer, Ada, – Arkansas: Cherokee land in, ; Cherokee legal authority in, –, ; Cherokee petition to, –; emigration to, , ; problems on border of, , –, ; sale of whiskey in, , –, n; Tunstall in, . See also U.S. Court for the Western District of Arkansas Arkansas Cherokee Temperance Society, , ,  Arkansas River, , , , – Arkansas State Gazette, ,  Armstrong, Francis W.,  Armstrong, William, – Arnold, Luther S.,  Articles of Confederation,  Atkin, Edmond, , ,  Atlanta ga, – Atlantic and Pacific Railway Company, – Atoka, ,  Attakullakulla (Cherokee), ,  Augusta ga, – Axtell, James,  ball games, , –,  Band of Hope, ,  Baptists, . See also Tahlequah Baptist Church Barbour, James,  Bartram, William, , n, n Beamer, James, , – Beck, Sut, n beer. See malt liquors Bennett, Leo, –,  Bertholf, Rev.Thomas, – black drink, –, , , n, n, n. See also yaupon Blind Slave Catcher (Cherokee ),  Blount, Willie, n Blue Jacket ok, n bootleggers, , , ,  Boudinot, Elias, , –, –, –, n Bowerman, Lenoard, – Brainerd Mission, ,  Brandon, Zillah Haynie, – brandy, , ,  Braund, Kathryn, n Brewer, Mrs.T. S.,  British. See Great Britain Britton, William A., – Brown, Alexander (Cherokee),  Brown, David (Cherokee), , n Brown, Richard,  Brown (U.S. soldier),  Bryant, David M., ,  Buffington,T. M.,  Bushyhead, Dennis W., , , ,  Butler, Pierce M., – Butler, Rev. Dr. Elizur, ,  Butrick, Daniel S., , , , n index 1  Butterfly (interpreter),  Caddo,  caffeinated beverages, , n Calhoun, John C., , n Calhoun tn,  Campaign Committee of the Constitutional Convention,  Candy’s Creek tn, –,  Cannon, B. B.,  Carnes, Peter A., , n Carthage tn,  Cary, James, – Cass, Lewis, ,  Catabawa Indians, ,  Chamberlain, Rev. William,  Charlestown tn, , –,  Chatuga,  Cherokee Advocate: on alcohol and weapons, , ; on alcohol as medicine, –, ; on enforcement of law, ; on malt liquors, –; and reports of violence, –, –; on sovereignty , –; on temperance activities, , , , –, , ; on U.S. soldiers, n Cherokee Cold Water Army, , –,  Cherokee Constitution (), , , nn– Cherokee Female Seminary,  Cherokee Female Society for Doing Good, ,  Cherokee Indians, western: and abstinence pledge, –, , –, , , ; and Brown, n; citizenship of, n; intemperance among, –, –; and political disunity, –, –; and sovereignty, –, – Cherokee Nation: citizenship of, , , , , –, , n, n, n, n, n, n; demise of, , –, –, –, ; disunity in, –, –; failure to enforce laws of, ; incarceration and trials of, –; jurisdiction of, , –, , –, ; laws passed by, –, –; petition to Arkansas by, –; revitalization of, –, , , –; and war of independence,  Cherokee National Committee, , , –,  Cherokee National Council, –; authority of, , ; on deputy marshalls, ; Georgia’s disregard of, , –; on intermarriage, , n; and permits, , ; on prohibition, , , –; and tax law, ; and temperance activities, , , , , , , , –; and Trade and Intercourse Act, –  1 index Cherokee National Temperance Society, , n. See also Cherokee Temperance Society Cherokee Phoenix: on abstinence , , ; beginning of, ; on Cherokee Temperance Society, n; on House Committee on Indian Affairs report, ; Palmer’s correspondence in, n; on temperance movement, , – “Cherokee renascence,” ,  Cherokee Temperance Society: auxiliaries of, –; children ’s participation in, , –, ; documentation of successes of, ; and enforcement of law, –; organization of, , , n, n; petition to Arkansas by, –; reorganization of, , –. See also Cherokee National Temperance Society Chesterton, Polly (Cherokee), n Chesterton, William, n Chickamauga, – Chickamauga Cherokees,  Chickasaw Indians, ,  Chicken, George, – children: and alcohol consumption , , ; education, , , ; endangerment of, –; and temperance activities, , –, , ,  Choctaw Nation, , , –, , , , n Choteau,  Christianity, , – Christmas Day (),  “Christmas trick” of ,  cider, , ,  Civil War, ,  Clapperton, Alexander, – Clark,Thomas N., – Clements, William,  Cleveland, Dorothy,  Cleveland oh,  Clinch River,  Clork, Silas,  Clum, H. R.,  Cobb & Co.,  Cochran, Joseph,  Cochran, William,  Colville & Coffee trading firm,  Conasauga River,  Congarees,  Connecticut Observer,  Consene, Frank,  Coody, Sarah, , n Cox (trader),  Craig, John N., , – Creek Indians: and beer, ; and black drink, n; and Cherokees, , , ; drinking behavior of, n; and murder of Stinson, –; and temperance activities, , ; uses of alcohol by,  crime: alcohol as cause of, ; punishment for, –, index 1  –; and U.S. soldiers, n cultural identity, –, , –. See also anomie Cumberland Road, –,  Curtis Act (),  Cuthbertson, Robert, – dances,  Davis, Lucy Belle, – Dawes Commission,  Dawes General Allotment Act (), . See also land Dearborn, Henry...