White Man's Club: Schools, Race, and the Struggle of Indian Acculturation

Index

Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations. Abbott, Lyman, 37–38, 40; Reminiscences, 170–80 Aboriginal Healing Foundation, 282 African Americans, 32–33; education of, 116–20; freedmen, 37–38, 104; and Richard Henry Pratt, 162–63. See also Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute Alford, Thomas Wildcat (Gay-nwawpiah -si-ka), 60, 136–38; career of, 144, 147–49; children of, 154–55; and Christianity, 66; Civilization, as Told to Florence Drake, xi, 136–38, 150–56; at Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute, 141–46; return to reservation, 146–50; ShawneeAmerican identity, 147–50; Shawnee dictionary compilation, 143; translations by, 155–56 Althusser, Louis, 218–19 American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, 68, 78, 85. See also Dakota Mission American Freedman’s Union Commission, 37–38 American Missionary Association, 119 Anawangmane, Simon (Walks Galloping On) (Lakota), 79 Anderson, Benedict, xviii, 89 Anderson, William W., 125 Anglo-Saxon race, 40 animals, 7–9, 50–51 Anko (Kiowa historian), 8–9 Anquoe, Jim, Sr. 3–4 Apache Mothers and Daughters (Gayton), 50–51 Apaches: ceremonies, 53; name giving, 52; prisoners of war at Fort Marion, 263–64 Ariès, Philippe, 233 Armstrong, General Samuel Chapman, xxi, 24–25; and Booker T. Washington, 110, 116–17; criticism of, 125–27; death of, 119; and evolutionism, 33; and Indian cultures, 112–13; Lessons from the Hawaiian Islands, 108–9; promotion of Indian education, 120–21; racial philosophy of, 103–5, 106–7, 108–12; and reservations, 112; Twenty Two Years’ Work at the Hampton Institute, 109. See also Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute Army Medical Field Service School, 241–42 “Aryan races,” 36 Ashland Cemetery, 234–35, 242, 244; and racial segregation, 235–37 Ashmun Institute (Lincoln Institute), 106 assimilation, 5, 169; adaptation and accommodation, 55–57, 137; immigrant model of, 161, 165; policy of, 31–33, 121–23, 255 Atkins, John D. C., 73, 91, 95 autobiography, 136–38; collaborative, 151–53 Avery Normal Institute, 119 Axtell, James, 67 Index Index 386 Baird, Spencer Fullerton, 23–24 Bales, O. H., 239–40 Barr, Clarence F., 247–49 Barr, June Wagner, 248 Barth, Frederik, 66 Battlefield and Classroom: Four Decades with the American Indian 1867–1904 (Pratt), 13–14 Bear’s Heart (Nock-ko-ist) (Cheyenne): and Captain Richard Henry Pratt, 13; drawings by, 10–13; “Miss Nannie Burt’s Class,” 11, 11–12; “Prisoners leaving Fort Sill,” 10 Bentham, Jeremy: Panopticon, 214–18 Bergland, Renee, 250 biculturalism, 150–56 Big Bow (Kiowa), 7 bilingual texts, 86 black colleges, 106. See also Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute Black Hawk (Sauk), 58 Bland, Dr. Thomas A., 41–44, 125; campaign against the Indian Rights Association, 42–43; and the National Indian Defense Association, 42–43 boarding schools, 43–44; in Canada, xix, 281–82; in England, xix. See also Carlisle Indian Industrial School; Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute; Indian Schools Board of Indian Commissioners, 36, 112 Bond, Horace Mann: Education for Freedom, 106 Bonnin, Gertrude Simmons. See Zitkala- Ša (Gertrude Simmons Bonnin) Bonnin, Raymond T., 140 Browning, Daniel M., 44 Brulés, 60 Brumble, H. David, III, 137 Buchholz, Arthur E., 275 Bull, John (Gros Ventre), 245 Bureau of American Ethnology, 96 Bureau of Indian Affairs: and Captain Richard Henry Pratt, 176–77, 229; and the Dakota Mission, 77, 79; English-only language policy, 90–95; exhibit at World’s Columbian Exhibition, 45; and Indian schools, xxii–xxiii, 41, 73–77, 93–94, 119 Burgess, Marianna, 222, 225; and the Man-on-the-bandstand, 209–10; Stiya: A Carlisle Indian Girl at Home, 226–28, 290–91 Butler, Captain Edward: Our Indian Question, 96 Cable, George, 39 Canada: boarding schools in, xix, 281–82 Carlisle Arrow, 203–4 Carlisle Barracks, 181, 186, 299; and the Army Medical Field Service School, 241–42; entrance to, 190–92, 191, 192; map of, 187, 188; and the U.S. Army War College, 299–300 Carlisle Indian Industrial School, xxi–xxii, 18, 33, 159, 185; and Apache prisoners of war, 264; the bandstand, 213–18, 301; buildings, xvii–xviii, 186–87, 189, 300–303; campus fence, 190; campus layout, 184–90, 186; criticism and closure of, 275–76; destructive power of, 281–82; and Dickinson College, 181; dining hall, 200–201; educational program of, 122, 170–80, 184; English-only language policy, 88; entrance to, 190–94, 200–205, 202; exstudents and graduates return to, 276–77; girls’ building, attempt to burn down, 224– 25; and goods manufacturing, 182; graduates of, 174–75; guardhouse, 191, 199, 224...